让算法建议真正改善个人资质,而非只是骗过模型。
The Role of Causality in Algorithmic Recourse

- 用因果模型分析建议如何影响真实结果
- 能避免策略性行为导致的模型失效
- 适合关注公平性和长期稳定性的研究者
算法救济旨在为个体提供可操作的改变,以提升其在贷款等高风险分类任务中的预测结果。然而,现有方法仅关注改变模型预测,未考虑建议是否真正提升个体真实资质,还是仅用于策略性规避分类器。这导致部署后的救济策略引发行为变化,降低预测准确率,并在模型重训练后失效。本文通过因果性能框架形式化这一失败模式,建模救济动作如何通过结构因果模型传播,捕捉特征间相互作用及其对真实标签的影响。此类因果响应导致非凸优化问题,即使在标准凸损失下亦然。我们刻画了性能稳定解存在的条件,并证明可通过简单迭代动态高效求解。分析表明,忽略因果结构的救济策略会引发大幅且错位的行为响应,而因果救济则带来稳定均衡,减少博弈动机。在半合成与真实信用数据集上的实验表明,该方法持续优于传统经验风险最小化,同时减少了因策略性行为引发分布漂移而需重复重训练模型的频率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Algorithmic recourse aims to provide individuals with actionable changes to improve their predicted outcomes in high-stakes classification settings, such as loan and mortgage applications. However, most existing approaches focus only on flipping a model's prediction, without accounting for whether the recommended changes lead to genuine improvement in an individual's true qualifications or merely enable strategic gaming of the classifier. Consequently, deployed recourse policies can induce behavioral responses that degrade predictive accuracy and become ineffective after model retraining. In this work, we formalize this failure mode through a causal performative framework for recourse. We model how recourse actions propagate through a structural causal model, capturing interactions among features as well as their effect on the true label. These causal responses induce a non-convex optimization problem, even under standard convex losses. We characterize conditions under which performatively stable solutions exist and can be efficiently computed via simple iterative dynamics. Our analysis reveals that recourse policies that ignore causal structure can induce large, misaligned behavioral responses, whereas causal recourse leads to stable equilibria that reduce incentives for gaming. Experiments on both semi-synthetic and real credit datasets demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms standard empirical risk minimization while reducing the need for repeated model retraining to accommodate distribution shifts caused by strategic agent behavior.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。