提出飞行中可恢复姿态的边界,提前规划起飞速度以确保越野车跳越安全着陆
DART: Dual-Axis Airborne Reachability-Gated Torque-Reaction for Off-Road Vehicle Jumps

- 通过反向推导着陆约束,建立起飞前的可行速度范围和调节策略
- 仿真中将着陆速度降低36%,安全着陆率从0%提升至100%
- 适用于高速跳越场景,尤其适合对安全性要求高的越野车辆控制
在高速穿越陡坎、边缘和沟壑时,车辆常进入空中状态,不当着陆会带来严重碰撞风险。我们发现飞行阶段几乎不可控:在1383公斤平台下,典型起飞轮速时,驱动模式下可恢复的俯仰角速度变化上限约为9–13°/s(抬头方向),制动模式下约为两倍;将轮子驱动至传动系统极限,抬头上限仅提升至16–18°/s。超出此方向性预算的起飞俯仰扰动在飞行中无法物理恢复,因此关键控制点在起飞前。DART(Dual-Axis Airborne Reachability-Gated Torque-Reaction)将着陆约束反向传播,生成闭式认证的可行起飞集,提供保守的起降判断与起飞速度调节法则。飞行中,通过转向解耦的轮反扭矩调控俯仰与横滚,其横滚锁由偏航耦合分析得出。在BeamNG.tech的全尺度确定性仿真中,校准的起飞前速度调节器使着陆速度降低36%,安全着陆率从0/30提升至30/30。相同陡坎接近条件下,飞行控制律在29/30次中完成安全着陆,优于反应轮式PD(RW-PD)和时间最优开关控制(TOBB)的0/30。在倾斜跑道上,所有横坡下中位俯仰误差保持在2°以内,最大偏差出现在γ=12°时。在不同扰动下,该锁机制在低扰动时维持纯俯仰分配,高扰动时启用双轴控制。所有结果均为仿真所得,硬件验证尚待开展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Traversing crests, ledges, and ditches at high speed often launches vehicles into the air, and a mishandled landing presents a substantial crash hazard. We show that the airborne phase is barely controllable: on a 1383 kg platform the wheel angular-momentum budget caps the recoverable pitch-rate change at roughly $9$-$13^\circ$/s in the tighter nose-up direction under drive at typical takeoff wheel speeds, and at about twice that in the reverse-inclusive braking direction; driving the wheels to their drivetrain hard limit raises the measured nose-up ceiling to only $16$-$18^\circ$/s. Takeoff pitch-rate disturbances beyond this directional budget are physically unrecoverable in flight, so the decisive leverage lies before takeoff. DART (Dual-Axis Airborne Reachability-Gated Torque-Reaction) back-propagates the landing constraint into a closed-form certified feasible-takeoff set, which supplies a conservative go/no-go condition and a pre-takeoff speed-shaping law. In flight, DART regulates pitch and roll via steer-resolved wheel-reaction torque, governed by a per-flight roll latch derived from the yaw-coupling analysis. In deterministic full-scale simulation in BeamNG.tech, a calibrated pre-takeoff speed regulator reduces touchdown speed by 36% and raises on-target landings from 0/30 to 30/30. Under the same steep-lip approach the airborne law completes 29/30 safe landings under crash-avoidance bounds versus 0/30 for reaction-wheel-style PD (RW-PD) and time-optimal bang-bang (TOBB). On banked run-ups DART holds the median pitch error at or below $2^\circ$ at every cross-slope, with the largest baseline separation at $γ=12^\circ$. Across disturbance regimes, the latch preserves pitch-only allocation on low-disturbance entries and enables dual-axis control when roll becomes binding. All results are from simulation; hardware validation remains open.
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