让智能体自我出题、解题并积累经验,实现能力持续进化。
Self-Play Meets Skill Evolution: Self-Evolving Search Agents that Pose, Solve, and Remember

- 构建双向自进化系统:解题者与出题者协同,失败经验转化为可复用技能
- 在7个问答基准上提升准确率1.2~3.2点,优于现有方法0.9点以上
- 支持无记忆部署和推理时调用,既改进训练又保留实用记忆
自洽对弈代理能自主生成训练问题,但其课程缺乏持久状态:失败影响梯度却未显式塑造后续练习。外部技能记忆虽可保存过程经验,但通常基于固定任务分布学习。我们提出自进化技能增强代理(SESA),将程序记忆作为工具增强的搜索自洽演化的状态。挑战者提出问题,独立参数化的求解器仅检索技能。有信息量的失败被提炼为可复用技能并写回记忆。更新后的记忆改变求解器行为与成功率,进而影响挑战者的奖励和未来问题分布;由此产生的新前沿引发新失败,重写记忆。这一双向循环使任务生成与技能记忆共同进化。由于检索到的技能影响在线训练轨迹,其收益可同时进入模型参数与外部存储,支持无记忆部署及可选推理时调用。在七个开放域与多跳问答基准上,SESA相较SSP平均准确率提升1.2–3.2点,超越技能增强基线SkillRL 0.9点,在统一评估下表现优异。在Qwen3模型上,SESA-Off仍保持1.8–2.2点优势,最终技能库额外贡献0.5–1.0点。结果表明,演化中的技能记忆不仅是推理阶段的插件,更改变了策略学习与未来训练分布,同时保留作为可选外部记忆的价值。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Self-play agents can generate training problems without questions from target benchmarks, but their curricula lack persistent state: failures affect gradients yet do not explicitly shape future practice. External skill memories preserve procedural experience but are typically learned from fixed task distributions. We introduce \textbf{SESA} (Self-Evolving Skill-Augmented Agent), which makes procedural memory an evolving state of tool-augmented search self-play. A challenger poses problems, while a separately parameterized solver alone retrieves skills. Informative failures are distilled into reusable skills and written back to memory. The updated memory changes solver behavior and success, which changes the challenger's reward and the distribution of future problems; the resulting frontier produces new failures that rewrite memory. This bidirectional loop makes task generation and skill memory co-evolve. Because retrieved skills shape on-policy training trajectories, their benefits can enter the model parameters as well as remain in the external bank, enabling memory-free deployment and optional inference-time retrieval. Across seven open-domain and multi-hop question-answering benchmarks, SESA improves average accuracy over SSP by 1.2--3.2 points across multiple backbones and surpasses the skill-augmented SkillRL baseline by 0.9 points under a unified evaluation protocol. On Qwen3 models, SESA-Off retains 1.8--2.2 points of improvement over SSP, while the final skill bank adds a further 0.5--1.0 points. These results show that evolving skill memory is not merely an inference-time plug-in: it changes policy learning and the future training distribution while retaining value as optional external memory. Our code is available at https://github.com/Zenghuang-Fu/SESA-Self-Evolving-Search-Agents.
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