arXiv:2607.29581cs.CV2026-07

揭秘AI生成图像检测的热图真相:热图显示的并非真实伪造痕迹。

Explaining AI-Image Detection: What the Heatmap Actually Shows

论文配图:Explaining AI-Image Detection: What the Heatmap Actually Shows
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过可控实验发现,压缩历史比生成过程更能影响检测结果。
  • 修复编码格式后模型性能提升0.176 PR-AUC,证明关键线索在编码阶段。
  • 热图无法可靠解释检测决策,多数情况下不如随机排序有效。

一张市场审核用的照片是重要凭证:平台据此批准退款,而生成模型已使伪造成本归零。我们研究该检测问题,构建检测器并附加归因热图作为证据,在186,527张图像上进行受控测试,以确保结论在异常时可被推翻。压缩历史而非合成过程主导了朴素评估:最强模型在产品无关划分下达到0.9999的PR-AUC,但当合成图像重新编码为真实类格式后,性能降至0.7254;五款公开检测器变化不超过0.07。统一编码格式可消除误导性线索,修复后模型对原生文件的合成概率中位数仅为0.0004。三组种子因子实验证明编码改变贡献了全部增益(+0.176 ± 0.009 PR-AUC)。仅最后一阶段对齐无效,法医特征仍能以0.7145区分两类,高于0.254基线。我们因果测试热图表现,对比不依赖检测器的控制条件。对首个修复模型(100帧中误判96帧为真实),无热图优于随机。所选模型中,17个热图中有12个在编辑图像、8个在生成图像上通过控制;扰动分析表明各梯度方法无优势。非检测依赖控制均未通过,生成图像中心先验甚至劣于随机。集成区域热图同时通过双轴检验,每图耗时12.4秒,远优于44.9秒的遮挡法。然而,通过检测盲控仍不等于可信解释,我们未能证明任何真正可靠的解释。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

A marketplace review photograph is a document: platforms approve refunds on it, and generative models drove the cost of forging one to zero. We study that detection problem, so we build a detector and attach an attribution map as its evidence, then measure what that pair delivers on 186,527 images under controls designed to change our conclusions when something is wrong. Compression history, not synthesis, drives naive evaluation: our strongest model reaches 0.9999 PR-AUC (area under the precision-recall curve) on a product-disjoint split, yet falls to 0.7254 once we re-encode synthetics into the real class's format, while five public detectors move by at most 0.07. Aligning one class relocates the cue rather than removing it, and the repaired model then assigns native files a median probability of synthesis of 0.0004. One identical final encode for both classes repairs that, and a three-seed factorial credits the encoding change with the whole gain (+0.176 +- 0.009 PR-AUC). That encode equalises the last stage only: forensic features alone still separate the classes at 0.7145 against a base rate of 0.254. For evidence we test maps causally, against controls that never consult the detector. Whether an attribution ranking exists at all depends on whether the detector reacts to the image. On our first-fix detector, which calls 96 of 100 edited frames real, no map beats a random one. On the detector we selected, twelve of seventeen maps clear that control on edited images and eight on generated ones; perturbation leads both axes and no gradient-CAM variant shows a positive advantage. The trivial controls never clear it, and on generated images the centre prior is worse than random. Our ensembled regional map clears both axes and takes the top pixel AP at 12.4 s per map against 44.9 for occlusion. Clearing a detector-blind control is not yet a faithful explanation, and we demonstrate none.

AI检测热图解释生成取证

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