无人机靠飞行声音追踪同伴,无需通信或定位设备。
Embodied Passive Aeroacoustic Perception Enables Relative Sensing and Pursuit Between Aerial Robots

- 利用飞行时自身产生的声场进行被动感知,避开干扰。
- 户外实验中平均追踪误差仅1.34米,稳定跟随复杂轨迹。
- 适合无信号环境下的无人机编队,如搜救、隐蔽任务。
飞行中的无人机产生有结构的气动声学场,但这些信号在相对感知中尚未被充分挖掘,尤其在多机协同飞行时强自噪声干扰下。本文提出具身被动气动声学感知新范式,让无人机通过自身生成的飞行声音,实时推断相对状态。SonicFly框架采用轻量四麦克风阵列,结合旋翼机声学特征与神经方向-距离估计算法,实现闭环飞行控制,无需主动声信号、机器人间通信、GPS共享或外部传感设施。通过声学表征、机载定位及户外追击实验,证明多旋翼气动声信号在强自噪声、环境变化和飞行构型变动下仍具备足够信息支持相对感知。在纯声学追踪中,平均保持距离误差为1.34米,覆盖多种户外轨迹与工况。声道分析揭示了谐波结构、频谱可分性与空间声学线索对可观测性的关键作用。研究验证了该感知方式的可行性,表明自然飞行声可作为机器人感知与协作的信息源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Aerial robots generate structured aeroacoustic fields during flight, yet these signals have been underexplored as a source of onboard relative perception, particularly under the strong ego-acoustic interference generated during simultaneous flight in various outdoor conditions. We introduce embodied passive aeroacoustic perception, a sensing paradigm in which an aerial robot infers actionable relative-state information from the naturally generated sound of flight while operating within its own evolving aeroacoustic field. We present SonicFly, a passive aeroacoustic perception framework that enables one unmanned aerial vehicle to estimate and follow another using only the leader's intrinsic flight sound, without active acoustic signaling, inter-robot communication, GPS sharing, or external sensing infrastructure. The system uses a lightweight four-microphone array, rotorcraft-informed acoustic representations, a neural bearing-range estimator, and confidence-gated filtering for closed-loop flight. Through acoustic characterization, onboard localization, and outdoor pursuit experiments, we show that multirotor aeroacoustic signals contain sufficient information to support relative perception despite strong ego-acoustic interference, environmental variability, and changing flight geometry. During acoustic-only pursuit, SonicFly achieved a mean distance-maintenance error of 1.34 m across diverse outdoor trajectories and operating conditions. Analysis of the acoustic channel reveals design principles governing embodied passive aeroacoustic perception, including the roles of harmonic structure, spectral separability, and spatial acoustic cues in determining observability. Our results establish the feasibility of embodied passive aeroacoustic perception for aerial robots and suggest that naturally generated behavioral signals can serve as information for robotic perception and coordination.
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