用指数加权优化生成式推荐,解决稀疏噪声反馈下的过拟合问题。
Exponential Reward Weighting for Fine-Tuning Generative Recommenders under Sparse and Noisy Feedback

- 对每条日志交互按奖励值指数加权,温度参数控制噪声鲁棒性。
- 温度λ在3个公开数据集和工业数据集上均呈现倒U型性能曲线。
- 无需在线探索或偏好数据,显著提升推荐排序效果。
在推荐系统中,用户仅与海量商品目录中的极小部分交互,导致反馈既稀疏又嘈杂。这挑战了训练后的生成式推荐模型:从日志数据训练的奖励模型往往泛化能力差,而直接优化不完美奖励则易引发奖励过优化。本文提出指数奖励加权微调(Exp-RSFT),将每条日志交互按$\ ext{exp}(r/λ)$加权,通过温度$λ$正则化噪声影响,实现对原始奖励的直接优化。理论上,Exp-RSFT的次优性可分解为覆盖成本(源于日志策略限制)和噪声成本(源于反馈不准确)。温度$λ$平衡二者,实现高奖励行为利用与噪声鲁棒性的最优权衡。在三个公开基准和一个大规模工业数据集上验证该理论预测:性能随$λ$呈倒U型变化;而PPO与DPO常过度优化不可靠奖励模型,导致推荐质量下降。Exp-RSFT始终提升排序性能,且无需在线探索或偏好数据。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In recommendation systems, users interact with only a small fraction of a vast item catalog, producing feedback that is both sparse and noisy. This challenges post-training generative recommenders: reward models trained from logged interactions often fail to generalize, while directly optimizing imperfect rewards can lead to reward over-optimization. We propose Exponential reward-weighted fine-tuning (Exp-RSFT), where each logged interaction is weighted by $\exp(r/λ)$, avoids this failure by optimizing directly on the logged rewards, with the temperature $λ$ regularizing against their noise. We theoretically show that Exp-RSFT's suboptimality decomposes into two costs: a coverage cost arising from limitations of the logging policy and a noise cost from imperfect feedback. The temperature $λ$ balances these competing effects, yielding an optimal tradeoff between exploiting high-reward behavior and robustness to noise. Across three public benchmarks and a large-scale industrial dataset, we verify this theoretical prediction: performance follows an inverted-U trend as a function of $λ$, while PPO and DPO often over-optimize unreliable reward models and degrade recommendation quality. Exp-RSFT consistently improves ranking performance without requiring online exploration or preference data.
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