让AI生成的3D模型跨软件编辑,保留设计历史和可修改性。
CADIR: A Cross-Backend Editable Intermediate Representation for Agentic CAD Generation

- 基于几何内核构建显式建模操作图,支持多后端可编辑。
- 在多个CAD软件中重建模型时几何精度达99.8%,执行成功率超95%。
- 适合需要跨平台修改3D设计的工程师与自动化设计代理使用。
大语言模型已能从自然语言或图像生成可执行的计算机辅助设计(CAD)程序。但现有方法将建模过程表示为特定后端的顺序脚本或静态几何体,难以同时保持构造历史、稳定的拓扑引用和特征级可编辑性。我们提出CADIR,一种面向智能体的可执行中间表示,支持跨后端编辑。基于OCCT几何内核通过OCP实现,CADIR提供显式、组合式的建模操作和细粒度执行诊断。执行过程中,记录建模操作、参数依赖、约束及拓扑选择于构造图中。为实现可靠跨后端重建,引入几何签名匹配,可在参数变化和后端差异下识别对应边与面,使适配器能在FreeCAD、SolidWorks和Fusion 360中重构原生可编辑特征历史。在此基础上,提出构造图检索方法,支持文本与图像查询的全图与子图检索,使智能体可利用完整模型及建模子结构。大量实验表明,CADIR在几何保真度和执行可靠性上优于现有表示,构造图检索进一步提升生成质量,跨后端编辑实现多环境下的可靠模型重建与重构后编辑。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models have made it possible to generate executable computer-aided design (CAD) programs from natural-language descriptions or images. However, existing methods represent modeling processes as backend-specific sequential scripts with implicit dependencies or as static geometry, making it difficult to simultaneously preserve construction history, stable topological references, and feature-level editability across different CAD systems. We present CADIR, an agent-friendly executable intermediate representation for CAD generation and cross-backend editing. Built on the OCCT geometry kernel via OCP, CADIR provides explicit, compositional modeling operations and fine-grained execution diagnostics. During program execution, CADIR records modeling operations, parameter dependencies, constraints, and topology selections in a construction graph. To enable reliable cross-backend reconstruction, we introduce Geometric Signature Matching, which identifies corresponding edges and faces despite parameter changes and backend differences, allowing adapters to reconstruct native editable feature histories in FreeCAD, SolidWorks, and Fusion 360. Building on this representation, we further propose a construction-graph retrieval method for text and image queries that supports both full-graph and subgraph retrieval, enabling agents to leverage complete models and modeling substructures. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CADIR achieves higher geometric fidelity and execution reliability than existing CAD representations, that construction-graph retrieval further improves model generation quality, and that cross-backend editing enables reliable model reconstruction and post-reconstruction editing across multiple CAD environments.
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