利用文本生成系统中过滤器与生成器的差异,实现无需查询的越狱攻击。
Mind the Gap: Zero-Query Jailbreaks via Filter-Generator Discrepancy in Text-to-Image Systems

- 基于过滤器与生成器对提示理解差异,设计零查询越狱方法。
- 在六条黑盒路径上平均成功率提升至33.3%,优于最强基线12个百分点。
- 适合研究模型安全与对抗攻击的人员阅读。
文本到图像(T2I)系统通常在生成器前设置提示级安全过滤器以阻止不安全请求,但依然易受恶意越狱提示攻击。基于迁移的攻击在离线构建对抗提示,但往往过拟合单一替代模型,且在庞大搜索空间中难以兼顾过滤器规避与生成意图保留,导致大量无效尝试。我们观察到过滤器与生成器对同一提示采用不同目标和表征进行处理,这种差异称为过滤器-生成器差异(FGD),使扰动可在降低提示被过滤器识别风险的同时,保持生成器所需视觉概念。基于FGD,我们提出一种零查询越狱框架:通过可观察的分词与语义阶段差异规则筛选高潜力候选扰动,并执行无需访问目标的代理集成进化搜索。在六条黑盒管道及一个商用在线服务上的实验表明,该方法持续优于代表性基线,平均攻击成功率分别达到29.2%(MHSC)和33.3%(Q16),较最强基线提升约8和12个百分点。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Text-to-image (T2I) systems typically have prompt-level safety filters before the generator to block unsafe requests, yet such systems remain vulnerable to malicious jailbreak prompts. Transfer-based attacks construct adversarial prompts offline without querying the target, but they tend to overfit to a single surrogate. Moreover, they explore a large search space in which semantic or perceptual similarity alone cannot guarantee both filter evasion and preservation of the unsafe generation intent, wasting effort on low-potential candidates. We observe that the filter and the generator process the same prompt under different objectives and representations, and term this gap the Filter-Generator Discrepancy (FGD), which allows a perturbation to reduce a prompt's perceived risk to the filter while preserving the visual concept needed by the generator. Building on FGD, we propose a zero-query jailbreak framework that screens perturbations into a high-potential candidate set via observable discrepancy rules at the tokenization and semantic stages, and then performs a surrogate-ensemble evolutionary search that requires no access to the target. Experiments on six black-box pipelines and a commercial online service show that our method consistently outperforms representative baselines, raising the average attack success rate to 29.2\% (MHSC) and 33.3\% (Q16) across the six pipelines and improving over the strongest baseline by about 8 and 12 percentage points, respectively.
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