KING用图神经网络统一建模轮式与腿式机器人运动,实现跨形态高精度定位。
KING: Embodiment-Aware Kinematic Graph Neural Network for Unified Motion Representation of Legged and Wheeled Robots

- 将机器人构型建模为统一图结构,通过GNN捕捉不同形态的运动约束
- 仅需1分钟数据即可适配新机器人,避免重新训练
- 支持仅凭URDF和本体感知(编码器+IMU)实现真实环境高精度定位
运动学模型在无特征环境中的里程计估计中提供可靠的运动约束,此时外部感知失效且惯性测量单元(IMU)积分易漂移。基于学习的运动学模型可通过捕捉非线性效应,比传统模型更精确;然而现有方法多针对单一机器人形态训练,泛化能力差。这是因为不同形态的本体感知信号(如关节数、地面接触元件)含义和结构差异大。为此,我们提出KING,一种基于图神经网络(GNN)的运动学模型,通过将机器人构型表示为统一图结构,显式融入机器人形态信息。我们证明轮式与腿式机器人的运动学模型可由同一表示表达,从而实现对两类机器人的统一建模。在涵盖多种形态的数据集上训练后,KING能实现高精度里程计估计,并仅依赖一个机器人形态描述(如URDF文件)和机载本体感知(编码器与IMU)进行推断。通过仅需1分钟的新机器人数据,即可完成少样本适配,无需为每种新机器人从头重新训练。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Kinematic models provide reliable motion constraints for odometry estimation in featureless environments, where exteroceptive sensing degrades and IMU integration drifts. Learning-based kinematic models can achieve more accurate odometry estimation than model-based methods by capturing nonlinear effects; however, most existing learning-based models are trained on a single embodiment and generalize poorly to new embodiments. This generalization is difficult because the meanings and structures of proprioceptive measurements vary across embodiments, including the number of joints and ground-contact elements (e.g., wheels, feet). To address this challenge, we propose KING, a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based kinematic model that explicitly incorporates robot embodiments by representing them as a common graph. We show that wheel and leg kinematic models can be expressed by a unified representation, enabling a single model for both wheeled and legged robots. Trained on datasets spanning diverse embodiments, KING provides a unified representation of wheeled and legged kinematics and achieves high-accuracy odometry estimation in real environments. KING estimates accurate odometry using only an embodiment description (e.g., a URDF file) and on-board proprioception (encoders and an IMU) and can be adapted to new robot embodiments through few-shot learning with only one minute of data, avoiding retraining from scratch on a new dataset for each robot. The project page is available at: https://smrg-aist.github.io/king_project_page/
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