解决家具装车不稳难题,让搬运更高效安全。
PackingGPT: 3D Packing Agent for Real Furniture in Last-Mile Delivery
- 模拟乐高拼装过程,逐个放置异形家具
- 考虑重心后,车辆装载失败率降至0.67%
- 专为真实家庭用车场景设计,适合物流与家居行业
将三维矩形物品装入标准化容器以最大化空间利用率,是物流自动化中的关键任务。然而,在实际生活中将家具装进私家车时,面临更复杂的现实条件——如不同尺寸重量的异形家具、已有物品占据空间(如生鲜食品)等,现有算法常忽略这些因素。本文针对异形家具在车内装载的物理稳定性问题,构建了一个真实世界基准数据集与基线模型。数据集基于家具公司的真实拆装包装数据,通过家族级外推覆盖大量产品,涵盖长度、宽度、高度及重量多样性。我们提出PackingGPT框架,借鉴乐高拼装思路,将异形家具(砖块)逐步放入不规则剩余货舱空间(创作)。在轿车模拟中,未考虑重心约束的五种基线方法平均有10%-40%的箱子因不稳定被判定失败;而当使用强制重心约束训练的LLP模型时,失败率降至0.67%(SUV-500)。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
3D bin packing rectangular items into standardised containers to maximise space utilisation under geometric shipping automation. Loading a furniture purchase into a personal vehicle is the same task, but under more complex conditions that standard container loading algorithms ignore. This paper addresses the physically stable placement under these realistic conditions with heterogeneous boxes (e.g. varying dimensions and weights) and occupied containers (e.g. groceries). This paper provides a real-world benchmark dataset and baseline model for the Heterogeneous furniture-in-vehicle packing task. The dataset uses real furniture company flat-pack packaging data covering a large number of catalogue products via family-level extrapolation with diversity length, widths, heights, and weights. We also propose a PackingGPT framework for packing as a sequential placement inspired by the Lego assembly process, where heterogeneous boxes of varying dimensions (bricks) are placed step-by-step into the irregular remaining cargo space (creations). Five baseline packing methods were tested on our dataset without considering the Centre-of- Mass (CoM) constraints. In sedan car simulations, 10-40% of placed boxes failed the stability check on average. When the LLP model was trained on packing sequences with CoM constraints enforced during placement, the failure rate dropped to 0.67% (SUV-500).
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