arXiv:2608.01464cs.AI2026-08

提出智能代理型预言机模型,揭示其在任务执行中的成本优势与风险控制机制。

Computing with Agentic Oracles

  • 引入可自主规划的智能代理预言机,突破传统静态响应限制。
  • 证明代理型预言机在相同任务质量下能降低总调用成本。
  • 分析目标丢失风险,给出避免策略和任务质量上限约束。

本文将人工智能增强计算的随机预言机模型拓展至包含智能代理型预言机。与固定响应分布的静态随机预言机不同,智能代理型预言机可自主追求目标,并能访问包含任务相关资源的环境。这一能力不仅影响响应分布,还带来外部不可见的内部调用开销。我们构建了用于分析基于智能代理预言机的随机预言机图灵机(SOTM)中令牌成本的框架,区分可见的‘编排令牌成本’与内部操作产生的‘代理令牌成本’。研究发现,在相同任务质量下,具备中间状态记忆能力的智能代理型预测机相比静态随机预言机具有令牌成本优势,无论是否具备环境访问能力。同时,我们探讨了目标丢失风险,提出一种规避准则,推导出进度-重试-目标丢失公式,建立目标深度对令牌复杂度的下界,并刻画零目标丢失概率下的复杂度特性,表明目标丢失风险可能对涉及环境更新的任务质量构成上限。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This paper extends the stochastic-oracle model of AI-augmented computing to include agentic oracles. Unlike a stationary stochastic oracle, which responds to the same query according to a fixed response distribution across calls, an agentic oracle can pursue a goal autonomously and may access an environment containing task-relevant resources. These capabilities affect both response distributions and token costs beyond what is visible at the query-response interface. We develop a framework for analyzing token costs in Stochastic-Oracle Turing Machines (SOTMs) that compute with agentic oracles. Each call has an \emph{orchestration token cost}, visible to the caller at the query-response interface, and an \emph{agentic token cost}, incurred by internal operations not exposed to the caller. We show that an SOTM computing with an agentic oracle that can retain intermediate state can have token-cost advantages over SOTMs using stationary stochastic oracles when solving the same task at the same quality level, both with and without environment access. We also investigate goal-loss risk, including how internal dispatch ordering can reduce exposure to irreversible actions. We provide a goal-loss avoidance criterion, derive progress--retry--goal-loss formulas, establish goal-depth lower bounds on token complexity, characterize token complexity when the probability of goal loss is zero, and show that goal-loss risk can impose an upper bound on the achievable quality of a task involving environment updates.

AI代理计算模型成本分析目标风险

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