用神经网络学习在SE(3)上生成平滑机械运动轨迹,速度达毫秒级。
Learning Smooth SE(3) Trajectories under Left-Invariant Riemannian Metrics

- 用高阶多项式参数化姿态变化,神经网络学关键系数和时长。
- 生成轨迹接近数值优化解,推理时间仅毫秒级。
- 适合实时机器人规划与无人机动态飞行控制场景。
刚体运动在李群上的最优轨迹生成可表述为最小化由黎曼度量定义的能量泛函的变分问题。尽管对特定情况(如乘积度量、静止到静止边界条件)存在闭式解,但一般情况下任意边界状态与耦合旋转-平移度量的问题通常需依赖计算成本高昂的数值边值求解器。这限制了几何一致轨迹生成在实时机器人规划与控制中的应用。本文提出一种基于学习的框架,用于在一般左不变黎曼度量下近似SE(3)上的高阶平滑轨迹。方法使用高阶多项式参数化体扭(body-twist)轨迹,依靠神经网络学习部分多项式系数与轨迹时长,其余系数通过解析方式确定以满足边界条件。网络训练采用来自欧拉-拉格朗日最优性条件、度量加权平滑性目标及可行性约束的损失函数。该度量条件框架具备跨不同度量结构与运动条件的泛化能力。大量数值实验表明,所提方法生成的轨迹紧密逼近数值优化解,同时实现毫秒级推理速度。我们展示了两个实际应用:带航点遍历的实时多样化运动原语生成,以及动态条件下四旋翼飞行的轨迹精炼。结果表明,基于几何结构的学习型运动可为SE(3)上的轨迹生成提供高效替代传统优化方法的方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Optimal trajectory generation for rigid-body motions on Lie groups can be formulated as a variational problem that minimizes energy functionals defined by Riemannian metrics. While closed-form solutions exist for special cases such as product metrics and rest-to-rest boundary conditions, solving the general problem with arbitrary boundary states and coupled rotational-translational metrics often requires computationally expensive numerical boundary value solvers. These limitations restrict the use of geometrically consistent trajectory generation in real-time robotic planning and control. This paper presents a learning-based framework for approximating higher-order smooth trajectories on SE(3) under general left-invariant Riemannian metrics. The method parameterizes body-twist trajectories using high-order polynomials and relies on a neural network to learn a subset of the polynomial coefficients and the trajectory duration. The remaining coefficients are analytically determined to enforce the boundary conditions. The training of the network is guided by losses derived from Euler-Lagrange optimality conditions, metric-weighted smoothness objectives, and feasibility constraints. The metric-conditioned framework enables generalization across diverse metric structures and motion conditions. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach generates smooth trajectories that closely approximate solutions from numerical optimization while achieving millisecond-level inference times. We demonstrate two practical applications of the proposed framework: real-time generation of diverse motion primitives with waypoint traversal, and refinement for quadrotor flight under dynamic conditions. These results suggest that learning-based motions with geometric structure can provide an efficient alternative to conventional optimization-based methods for trajectory generation on SE(3).
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