让大模型协作更高效稳定,通过同步机制和动态修正应对长期任务挑战
SyncPlan: Long-Horizon LLM Coordination with Explicit Synchronization and Adaptive Correction

- 单次规划生成各智能体行动链,用显式等待和死锁检测确保依赖关系
- 计划过期检测触发重规划,在复杂环境任务成功率超现有方法
- 适合需要长时间协调的多智能体系统,如游戏、机器人协作
基于大模型的多智能体协作在动态环境中面临效率与适应性的根本矛盾。现有方法通常依赖重复调用大模型或多轮通信来调整决策,导致显著延迟,且易受异步进展和环境变化影响;而一次性规划虽降低开销,但生成开环计划,当动作依赖其他智能体或环境时迅速失效。我们提出 SyncPlan,一种通过显式同步与自适应修正实现长时程协作的规划-执行-修正框架。由中心化大模型协调器在一次规划调用中生成各智能体的动作链。执行期间,显式等待原语与死锁检测确保智能体间及智能体与环境间的依赖关系;轻量级计划过期检测器持续评估计划有效性,一旦环境变化使假设失效则触发重规划。我们进一步通过监督微调(SFT)和面向规划的强化学习(RL),利用密集的任务进度与结果级执行反馈优化协调器。在公开的 Overcooked 基准和复杂的游戏 Honor of Kings 环境上的实验表明,SyncPlan 在任务成功率上达到当前最优水平,同时运行时间仅占现有基于大模型协调器的 0.05% 以下。代码与数据集将公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
LLM-based multi-agent coordination faces a fundamental trade-off between efficiency and adaptivity in dynamic environments. Existing approaches typically rely on repeated LLM invocations or multi-round communication to adapt decisions during execution, introducing substantial latency and making coordination vulnerable to asynchronous progress and environmental changes. Conversely, one-shot planning reduces coordination overhead but produces open-loop plans that can quickly become stale or fail when actions depend on other agents and the environment. We introduce SyncPlan, a plan-execute-correct framework for long-horizon coordination through explicit synchronization and adaptive correction. Given the state and team-level task, a centralized LLM coordinator generates per-agent action chains in a single planning call. During execution, explicit wait primitives and deadlock detection enforce inter-agent and agent-environment dependencies, while a lightweight Plan Staleness Detector continuously assesses the remaining plan and triggers replanning when environmental changes invalidate its assumptions. We further optimize the coordinator through SFT and planning-oriented RL with dense task progress and outcome-level execution feedback. Experiments on the public Overcooked benchmark and the complex Honor of Kings environment show that SyncPlan achieves state-of-the-art task success rates while using less than 0.05% of the wall-clock runtime compared with existing LLM-based coordinators. Code and datasets will be made publicly available.
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