arXiv:2608.01847cs.AI2026-08

提出FOCUS框架,让大模型在FP4精度下更准更快

FOCUS: FP4 Optimization via Coupled-Relaxation and Dual-Granularity Scaling

论文配图:FOCUS: FP4 Optimization via Coupled-Relaxation and Dual-Granularity Scaling
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 解耦量化与反量化尺度,用可学习系数优化精度
  • 在子块级别精细调节量化尺度,适应权重分布差异
  • 无需额外计算开销,支持MXFP4/NVFP4硬件格式

大语言模型性能卓越但部署成本高。FP4量化(如MXFP4、NVFP4)凭借现代加速器的原生支持成为有吸引力的解决方案,但保持精度仍具挑战。关键瓶颈在于尺度优化:现有方法将量化与反量化尺度紧密耦合,强制二者服从硬件要求的离散低精度格式(如MXFP4中的E8M0),然而量化尺度本身不存储且无需遵守此限制,存在显著未开发的优化空间。本文提出FOCUS,一种基于端到端尺度学习的后训练量化框架,通过耦合松弛缩放(CRS)放松两者间的紧耦合,引入可学习的全精度系数,在不破坏硬件合规性的前提下实现更优优化;并通过双重粒度缩放(DGS)在更细的子块粒度上精调量化尺度,更精准适配局部权重分布。多类大模型和基准测试结果表明,FOCUS在MXFP4与NVFP4格式下均达到当前最优的FP4精度,且不增加推理开销。代码与量化模型将发布于https://github.com/tencent/AngelSlim。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance but are expensive to deploy due to their enormous size. FP4 quantization, with formats such as MXFP4 and NVFP4, offers an appealing solution with native hardware support on modern accelerators. However, maintaining accuracy under FP4 precision remains difficult. A key bottleneck lies in scale optimization: existing methods tightly couple the quantization and dequantization scales, forcing both to conform to the discrete low-precision format required by hardware, such as E8M0 in MXFP4. Yet the quantization scale is never stored and need not obey this constraint, suggesting a significant untapped optimization space. In this work, we propose FOCUS, a post-training quantization framework with end-to-end scale learning for FP4 Optimization via Coupled-Relaxation and Dual-Granularity Scaling. Coupled-Relaxation Scaling (CRS) relaxes the tight coupling between quantization and dequantization scales with a learnable full-precision coefficient, enabling more effective optimization without breaking hardware compliance. Dual-Granularity Scaling (DGS) further refines the quantization scale at a finer sub-block granularity, allowing more precise adaptation to local weight distributions. Experiments across multiple LLM families and benchmarks show that FOCUS achieves state-of-the-art FP4 accuracy under both MXFP4 and NVFP4 formats, while introducing no additional inference overhead. Code and quantized models will be released at https://github.com/tencent/AngelSlim.

量化大模型FP4硬件加速

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