用契约主义构建可解释的多主体道德决策框架
A Contractualist Argumentation Framework for Moral Decision-Making
- 基于斯坎伦契约主义，用论证框架形式化道德理由
- 引入价值过滤机制，使每个主体的道德相关理由个性化
- 适用于需要公平决策的自动驾驶、智能家庭等场景
在共享环境中运行的自主代理需做出影响多方利益的决策。本文提出一种基于斯坎伦契约主义的正式道德决策框架，该理论认为行为的正当性取决于是否存在任何人都无法合理拒绝的原则。为实现契约主义推理，我们采用扩展后的ASPIC+结构化论证框架，并加入基于价值的过滤机制，以确定每个代理的价值如何决定哪些理由具有道德相关性。最终形成的契约主义论证框架能够形式化表示、比较和评估各代理的理由。通过一个家庭场景的实例展示了该方法的应用，并讨论了其与现有基于价值的论证方法的关系。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous agents operating in shared environments must make decisions that affect multiple individuals with potentially conflicting interests. We propose a formal framework for moral decision-making grounded in Scanlon's contractualism, an ethical theory that evaluates the permissibility of actions in terms of principles that no one could reasonably reject. To operationalise contractualist reasoning, we use ASPIC+, a structured argumentation framework, extended with value-based filtering to model how each agent's values determine which reasons are morally relevant in the first place. The result is a Contractualist Argumentation Framework in which agents' reasons are formally represented, compared, and evaluated through argumentation semantics. We illustrate the approach through a worked example in a domestic setting and discuss its relation to existing value-based argumentation approaches.
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