arXiv:2608.02009cs.AI2026-08中稿 · EMNLP

用证据覆盖度判断何时停止搜索,提升检索增强型智能体效率

HALT: Verification-Aware Stopping for Retrieval-Augmented Search Agents

论文配图:HALT: Verification-Aware Stopping for Retrieval-Augmented Search Agents
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 以证据是否覆盖关键主张来决定停止搜索
  • 在三个基准上减少冗余检索,保持准确率不变
  • 无需修改主模型,适合部署于实际系统

检索增强型搜索智能体通过多次发起搜索查询并累积证据来回答多跳问题,但会面临停止时机难题:一旦必要证据出现,继续检索只会增加成本、延迟和干扰信息。本文将停止问题定义为证据覆盖而非生成器置信度,并提出轻量级的验证感知策略HALT,不改变原有搜索智能体。给定预期的跳跃主张,HALT仅在累积证据支持每个必要主张时才停止。在三个多跳问答基准测试中,HALT显著减少冗余搜索,同时基本保持精确匹配率。区分了可部署场景(从问题生成主张)与诊断上限(使用真实支持事实标注):生成主张带来较小但仍有保全准确率的节省;真实主张则揭示更大潜力。基线对比与消融实验表明,该行为源于主张与证据的对齐,而非通用充分性、固定停止位置或词面重叠。开放语料库初步实验进一步显示,当无法可靠验证覆盖时,HALT会选择放弃。总体而言,证据覆盖为改进检索增强型智能体提供了一种无需重训练或修改宿主模型的实际运行时控制信号。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Retrieval-augmented search agents answer multi-hop questions by repeatedly issuing search queries and accumulating evidence. This creates a stopping problem: after the necessary evidence has appeared, further retrieval often adds cost, latency, and distracting context rather than useful information. We frame stopping as evidence coverage rather than generator confidence, and introduce HALT, a lightweight verification-aware policy that leaves the search agent unchanged. Given expected hop claims, HALT stops only when cumulative evidence supports each required claim. Across three multi-hop QA benchmarks, HALT reduces redundant search while largely preserving exact match. We separate a deployable setting, where hop claims are generated from the question, from a diagnostic upper bound that uses gold supporting-fact annotations: generated claims give smaller but still exact-match-preserving savings, while gold claims show the larger savings available when hop targets are clean. Baseline comparisons and ablations show that this behavior is driven by claim-evidence alignment rather than generic sufficiency, fixed stop positions, or lexical overlap. Open-corpus pilots further suggest that HALT abstains when coverage cannot be reliably verified. Overall, evidence coverage provides a practical runtime control signal for improving retrieval-augmented agents without retraining or modifying the host agent.

检索增强智能体停止策略

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