用无监督域适应提升单类分类精度,精准定位肯尼亚蜜源树种分布。
Mapping melliferous tree species in Kenya via one-class classification with hyperspectral unsupervised domain adaptation
- 基于高光谱图像设计伪正样本学习机制,缓解域偏移问题。
- 在未训练区域实现0.756至0.884的F1分数,显著提升泛化能力。
- 成果可为草原区可持续养蜂提供空间决策支持,适用性广。
养蜂业对肯尼亚农牧社区具有重要生计多元化潜力。蜜源树种是蜜蜂所需花蜜的关键来源,但其精确空间分布信息有限,制约了养蜂发展。单类分类(OCC)无需多类标注数据即可检测目标物种,具有实用性。然而,现有方法在未见域上泛化能力差,受域偏移影响。本文提出一种高光谱无监督域适应单类分类框架(HyUDA-One),结合机载高光谱影像与激光扫描数据,用于肯尼亚南部草原地区三种关键蜜源树种制图。通过空间-光谱正则化伪正样本学习,有效缓解域偏移并提升模型泛化性。结果显示,在训练域中,Senegalia mellifera、Vachellia tortilis和Commiphora africana的F1分数分别为0.788、0.845和0.768;在未训练域中,前两者分别达到0.756和0.884。制图结果揭示了蜜源树的空间分布格局与花蜜资源可得性,为草原区可持续养蜂提供依据。该框架亦可拓展至入侵物种检测等应用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The beekeeping sector holds significant potential for livelihood diversification among the agropastoral communities in Kenya. Melliferous tree species play a critical role by providing essential nectar sources for bees. However, limited knowledge of their precise spatial distributions constrains the full development of beekeeping. One-class classification (OCC) offers a practical solution for detecting single target species without requiring extensive labeled data from other classes. Although existing OCC methods perform well in trained domains, the generalization capability to unseen domains remains limited due to domain shift. To address these challenges, this study proposes a hyperspectral unsupervised domain adaptation OCC framework (HyUDA-One) for tree species mapping using airborne hyperspectral imagery and laser scanning data. The spatial-spectral regularized pseudo-positive learning was designed to mitigate domain shift and improve model generalizability. The effectiveness of HyUDA-One was demonstrated by mapping three key melliferous tree species in two savanna landscapes in southern Kenya. The results show that HyUDA-One significantly improves performance in unlabeled domains. The F1-scores of 0.788, 0.845, and 0.768 were achieved for Senegalia mellifera, Vachellia tortilis, and Commiphora africana in the trained domain, respectively. In the untrained domain, the F1-scores of Senegalia mellifera and Vachellia tortilis were 0.756 and 0.884, respectively. The distribution maps revealed the spatial patterns of these melliferous tree species and the nectar source availability, offering an important reference for sustainable beekeeping development in savanna landscapes. Furthermore, the proposed framework can potentially be extended to other mapping applications, such as invasive species detection.
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