用多粒度证据图提升多跳问答,边推理边判断是否答完。
MEGRAG: Multi-Granular Evidence Graphs for Answer-Aware Multi-Hop RAG

- 构建路径结构的多粒度证据图,从三元组到段落逐步扩展上下文。
- 在多个数据集上优于现有RAG基线,尤其在复杂多跳问题上提升显著。
- 适合需要精准推理和减少冗余检索的问答系统开发者使用。
多跳问答是检索增强生成(RAG)中的核心挑战,因答案需整合分散证据。现有迭代RAG方法存在两大局限:一是每步推理仅依赖单一粒度证据,难以平衡信息密度与上下文噪声;二是通常在完成所有中间步骤后才回答原问题,导致冗余证据和中间检索错误累积,影响最终结果。为此,我们提出MEGRAG,一种答案感知的框架,将多跳推理建模为路径结构的多粒度证据图。离线阶段,通过跨粒度索引将段落与其句子及提取的三元组关联。在线阶段,根据当前查询检索段落,并选择对齐证据,从紧凑三元组开始,按需逐步添加句子或段落上下文。结合中间答案与先前推理,决定初始问题是否已解决:若未解,则识别缺失信息并生成聚焦下一查询;否则停止检索并返回答案。大量实验表明,MEGRAG在多种RAG基线中持续取得优势。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-hop question answering is a fundamental challenge in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), because deriving an answer requires integrating dispersed evidence. Iterative RAG (iRAG) is widely used for this challenge, but existing methods have two limitations. First, most methods still support each reasoning step with single-granularity evidence, making it difficult to balance information density and contextual noise. Second, existing methods often answer the original question only after aggregating evidence retrieved across intermediate steps, so redundant evidence and intermediate retrieval errors may accumulate and degrade the final answer. To address these limitations, we propose MEGRAG, an answer-aware framework that represents multi-hop reasoning as a path-structured multi-granular evidence graph. Offline, MEGRAG links passages to their sentences and extracted triples through a cross-granularity index. Online, it retrieves passages for the current query and selects aligned evidence, starting with compact triples and adding sentence or passage context as needed. MEGRAG uses the resulting intermediate answer and prior reasoning to decide whether the Initial Query has been resolved. If not, it identifies the missing information and formulates a focused next query; otherwise, it stops retrieval and returns the answer. Extensive experiments demonstrate consistent gains over a diverse set of RAG baselines.
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