比较三国民众对四类护理机器人的看法,发现任务类型影响接受度。
Human-Centered Reflections on Care Robots: A Comparative Study of Caregiver Perspectives

- 通过混合方法研究298名护工对四类护理机器人的评价。
- 物流和体力任务机器人获更高接受度,人际互动类较低。
- 关注伦理问题但各国重视程度不同,适合政策与设计参考。
护理机器人正逐步引入医疗场景,引发对其接受度与伦理实施的关切。本研究调查了来自美国、墨西哥和智利的298名护工对四类护理机器人的看法:运送物资、协助患者上床、监测生命体征及辅助移动。采用混合方法与因子设计,量化分析结合统一技术接受模型、认知-情感-规范模型及整体接受度评分,定性数据通过开放式问题收集,并基于文献指导的伦理框架进行分析。结果显示,跨国家护工普遍对护理机器人持积极态度,尤其在处理后勤与体力密集型任务时;而在需深度人际互动的任务中接受度较低。定性结果揭示了使用护理机器人的潜在益处,如减轻工作负担、降低风险、提升患者自主性,同时也表达了对可靠性、人工监督必要性及岗位替代的担忧。尽管伦理关切存在共性,各国在解读与优先级上存在差异。研究为负责任的护理机器人设计与实施提供了情境化、社会导向的理解基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Care robots are increasingly being introduced into healthcare settings, raising important questions about their acceptance and ethical implementation. To better understand these challenges, this study investigates caregivers' perceptions of four categories of care robots: delivering supplies, helping patients into bed, monitoring vital signs, and assisting with mobility. We conducted a mixed-methods study employing a mixed-factorial design in which 298 caregivers from the United States, Mexico, and Chile evaluated all four robot categories. Quantitative measures integrated constructs from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, the Cognitive-Affective-Normative model, and overall acceptance ratings. Qualitative data were collected through open-ended questions and analyzed using a literature-informed ethical framework. The results indicate that participants across countries generally evaluated care robots positively, particularly for logistical and physically demanding tasks rather than those requiring intensive interpersonal interaction. The qualitative findings provide further insight into stakeholders' views of the ethical implications of care robot use. Participants emphasized potential benefits such as reduced workload, lower risk, and greater patient autonomy, while also expressing concerns about dependability, the need for human oversight, and potential job displacement. Although many ethical concerns were shared across countries, participants differed in how they interpreted and prioritized them. These findings advance a context-sensitive and socially informed understanding of responsible design and implementation of care robots.
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