arXiv:2608.02487stat.MLcs.LG2026-08

提出改进的流形生成方法,确保最优传输的收敛性与统计效率。

Computational and Statistical Guarantees of the \textit{c}-Rectified flow

  • 引入成本感知的c-修正流,通过梯度投影保持边界分布不变。
  • 在高斯案例中证明:只有源与目标协方差矩阵可交换时原方法才收敛。
  • 首次给出多项式与指数收敛的定量保证,适用于高维及低维场景。

最近,修正流已成为大规模图像生成的基础框架,驱动了FLUX.1和Stable Diffusion 3等先进系统。尽管其在实践中表现卓越,但迭代修正流的计算与统计保障仍不明确。本文研究了一类成本感知的c-修正流,该方法将速度场投影至梯度类,同时保持端点边缘分布。普通修正流可能无法恢复最优传输耦合:在高斯案例中,仅当源与目标协方差矩阵可交换时迭代才收敛至最优耦合。相比之下,在适当紧性与一致可积性假设下,迭代c-修正流始终收敛至最优传输耦合。我们进一步在投影稳定性假设下,为二次与强凸位移成本建立了量化一步收缩与指数收敛保证。最后,在Hölder球假设下,我们推导出新的最小最大最优得分估计率,并表明结合迭代c-修正流后,对维度d≥3可实现率最优的最优传输估计,对d=1,2则达到近参数化速率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recently, rectified flow has emerged as a fundamental framework for large-scale image generation, powering state-of-the-art systems such as FLUX.1 and Stable Diffusion 3. Despite its remarkable empirical success, the computational and statistical guarantees of iterative rectified flow have remained largely unexplored. We address this problem by studying \textit{c}-rectified flow, a cost-aware class of rectified flow that projects velocity fields onto a gradient class while preserving endpoint marginals. The ordinary rectified flow can fail to recover the optimal transport coupling: in a Gaussian case study, the iteration converges to the optimal coupling if and only if the source and target covariance matrices commute. In contrast, under suitable compactness and uniform-integrability assumptions, iterative \textit{c}-rectified flow always converges to the optimal transport coupling. We further establish quantitative one-step contraction and exponential convergence guarantees under projection-stability assumptions for both quadratic and strongly convex displacement costs. Finally, under a Hölder ball assumption, we develop new minimax-optimal score estimation rates and show that, when combined with iterative \textit{c}-rectified flow, they yield a rate-optimal estimator of the optimal transport for the dimension \(d \ge 3\) and a nearly parametric rate for \(d=1,2\).

生成模型最优传输统计保证流形学习

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