arXiv:2608.02669cs.CRcs.AI2026-08

分析高暴露Docker镜像中的漏洞、密钥和配置问题,揭示安全检测工具差异巨大。

Vulnerabilities, Secrets and Misconfiguration in the Highest-Exposure Docker Hub Images

论文配图:Vulnerabilities, Secrets and Misconfiguration in the Highest-Exposure Docker Hub Images
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建爬虫管道,量化镜像暴露度并扫描5万+高曝光镜像
  • 96.3%镜像含已知漏洞,98.0%存在配置错误,但工具检测结果差异显著
  • 单一工具检测结果受自身算法影响大,需多工具交叉验证

Docker Hub是大多数容器部署的注册表,基础镜像缺陷会传递给所有依赖它的镜像。现有研究多依赖单一检测器,且样本量小。本文提出ChimangoScan,爬取Docker Hub(1271.65万仓库,6638亿次拉取),重建镜像层图谱(5440万条依赖边),基于拉取量与下游传播计算暴露度,对前52,895个高暴露仓库(占总拉取量84.7%)使用六种独立扫描器,共生成1.704亿条发现。结果显示:96.3%的镜像含已知包漏洞,93.4%含严重漏洞,98.0%至少存在一个CIS Docker Benchmark配置违规。单个工具报告的态势几乎完全由其自身决定:在8070万组(漏洞,包)中,66.8%仅被一个漏洞扫描器标记,仅2.7%被全部三个标记,最佳单工具召回率仅为66.9%。TruffleHog在76.9%镜像中检测到密钥,但人工标注1100个样本显示99.7%为非凭证。单一zlib CVE影响了47.3%的总暴露量,并传播至113万下游镜像,但暴露度不能预测脆弱性。数据集与代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Docker Hub is the registry underneath most container deployments, and a flaw in a widely reused base image is inherited by every image built on it. Prior ecosystem-scale measurements each rely on a single detector, leaving the tool-dependence of their counts unquantified, while the studies that do compare scanners use samples of tens to hundreds of images. We present ChimangoScan, a pipeline that crawls the Docker Hub namespace (12,716,568 repositories, 663.8 billion cumulative pulls), reconstructs the image layer graph (54.4 million IS_BASE_OF edges), ranks images by an exposure score that folds an image's own pull count and those of its entire downstream subtree into one scalar, and scans the 52,895 highest-exposure repositories (84.7% of all recorded pulls) with six independent scanners, yielding 170.4 million findings. Vulnerabilities are near-universal: 96.3% of images carry a known package vulnerability, 93.4% a critical one, and 98.0% at least one CIS Docker Benchmark misconfiguration. The posture a single tool reports is largely an artifact of that tool: of 80.7 million distinct (vulnerability, package) groups, 66.8% are flagged by only one of the three vulnerability scanners and just 2.7% by all three, and the best single scanner recovers 66.9%. TruffleHog flags a secret in 76.9% of images, yet hand-labeling 1,100 random detections finds 99.7% are non-credentials. A single zlib CVE reaches images carrying 47.3% of total corpus exposure and propagates to 1.13 million distinct downstream images, but exposure does not predict how vulnerable an image is. We release the pipeline and the 283 GB dataset.

容器安全漏洞检测Docker数据可信

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