arXiv:2608.03103cs.ROcs.AI2026-08

用分层策略让机器人更精准地完成需变力操作的拆卸任务。

A Hierarchical Approach to Imitation Learning for Manipulation Tasks Requiring Time Varying Forces

论文配图:A Hierarchical Approach to Imitation Learning for Manipulation Tasks Requiring Time Varying Forces
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 高层5Hz用扩散模型选动作策略,低层60Hz实时调力保接触稳定
  • 在电池拆卸任务中成功率超现有方法,尤其应对突发断裂更鲁棒
  • 适合做需要精细力控的机器人操作,如装配、拆解等场景

扩散策略在学习复杂多模态机器人操作方面表现优异,但在高接触频率的拆卸任务中受限于迭代去噪带来的推理延迟,难以实现高频控制,而这对于凿击、撬动等动态交互至关重要。近期动作分段技术虽缓解延迟问题,但采用开环执行,无法感知断裂引发的快速力变化。为此,我们提出扩散策略增强的快速轨迹生成方法(DPA-FTG)。高层(5 Hz)通过条件扩散模型从预训练的任务原语库中选择策略;低层(60 Hz)采用轻量级力条件策略作为神经阻抗控制器,实时调节执行以维持接触稳定性。我们在双臂电池拆卸任务中验证该方法,涉及柔性片材分离。实验表明,DPA-FTG优于当前最优基线,包括反应式扩散策略(RDP)。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Diffusion policies have shown strong performance in learning complex, multi-modal behaviors for robotic manipulation. However, their application to contact-rich disassembly tasks remains limited by a key trade-off: the iterative denoising process introduces inference latencies that makes high frequency control difficult, which is essential for realizing dynamic interactions such as chiseling and prying. Recent action-chunking techniques mitigate latency but use an open-loop execution window, rendering the system blind to rapid force transients caused by fracture events. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Diffusion Policy Augmented by Fast Trajectory Generation (DPA-FTG). Compared to recent visual-tactile approaches that focus on positional correction, DPA-FTG decouples low-frequency planning from high-frequency force regulation. At the high level ($5$ Hz), a conditional diffusion model predicts a sequence of latent parameters for selecting a strategy from a learned vocabulary of task primitives. At the low level ($60$ Hz), a lightweight, force-conditioned policy acts as a neural impedance controller, modulating execution in real-time to maintain contact stability. We validate our approach on a bimanual battery disassembly task involving the separation of a compliant sheet. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that DPA-FTG outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, including Reactive Diffusion Policy (RDP).

力控扩散模型机器人操作

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