让大模型在复杂任务中更准地学会每一步该怎么做。
Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Self-Distilled Reward Shaping

- 用教师模型对每步决策打分并归一化,提升反馈密度。
- 结合回报相关性动态调整评分,显著提升长程任务表现。
- 不依赖额外技能,适配各类强化学习框架与数据稀缺场景。
智能体强化学习使大语言模型通过交互学习,但轨迹级稀疏奖励难以定位哪些中间决策应获奖励。通过冻结策略快照对无技能轨迹中的固定标记重新评分,并基于任务匹配的程序化技能提供更密集监督,可缓解此问题。然而,现有方法未能联合校准各交互步骤的教师评分、未将教师置信度与实际回报关联,也未将信号融入原生奖励优势构建。我们提出自蒸馏奖励塑造的智能体强化学习(ADRS),用于构建多轮语言智能体的回报相关标记级信用。ADRS在每步内中心化并归一化特权标记得分,基于组内置信度-回报关联性,通过回报相关教师价值优势(TVA)门控调节得分,并将加权信号融入原生强化学习信用构建。上述组件共同确定教师偏好、该偏好是否与回报相关、以及如何进入原生强化学习信用路径,同时保持推理与回放无需额外技能。三个交互基准实验表明,ADRS在长周期任务中持续提升性能,增益在不同强化学习主干、低数据设置、未见任务及延长训练下均稳定存在。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Agentic reinforcement learning enables LLM agents to learn through interaction, but sparse trajectory-level rewards reveal success without identifying which intermediate decisions deserve credit. Training-only privileged skills can provide denser supervision by allowing the same frozen policy snapshot to rescore fixed tokens from skill-free trajectories while conditioned on task-matched procedural skills. Existing methods, however, do not jointly calibrate teacher scores across interaction steps, relate teacher confidence to realized returns, and integrate the resulting signal into native reward-to-advantage construction. We introduce Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Self-Distilled Reward Shaping (ADRS), a framework for constructing return-associated token-level credit for multi-turn language agents. ADRS centers and normalizes privileged token scores within each step, modulates them with a return-associated Teacher Value Advantage (TVA) gate based on within-group confidence--return association, and incorporates the gated token signal into native RL credit construction. Together, these components determine what the teacher prefers, when that preference is return-relevant, and how it enters the native reinforcement-learning credit path, while keeping rollouts and inference skill-free. Finally, experiments across three interactive benchmarks show that ADRS consistently improves performance on long-horizon tasks, with gains persisting across RL backbones, reduced-data settings, unseen tasks, and extended training. For anonymous review, our code is available at the following the link: https://github.com/gitrxh/ADRS-arxiv
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