arXiv:2608.03403cs.AI2026-08

让智能体更稳定地用工具,通过学习历史使用经验来优化决策。

Towards Robust Tool Use in Agents via Experience-Driven Adaptive Guidance

论文配图:Towards Robust Tool Use in Agents via Experience-Driven Adaptive Guidance
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于历史执行记录分析工具使用质量,生成可学习的经验
  • 通过筛选和提炼,将经验压缩为通用指导策略
  • 小模型用后可超越大模型,尤其在复杂场景下表现优异

智能体的性能瓶颈正从模型能力转向执行过程的鲁棒性。工具作为智能体与外部环境交互的核心接口,但现有方法极少关注其在不同运行条件下的一致性表现。为此,我们提出ExpG机制,通过构建并持续优化自适应引导,捕捉每个工具的能力边界与最佳实践,从而提升智能体使用工具的鲁棒性和有效性。ExpG包含三个阶段:(1) 经验获取,从历史执行轨迹中分析工具调用质量,通过多维度归因生成结构化可学习经验;(2) 经验蒸馏,基于等价类方法筛选代表性经验,剔除无效内容,并将其总结为可泛化的指导;(3) 经验复用,在后续任务求解中动态应用引导。大量实验表明,ExpG在工具选择、调用及响应生成任务中均带来一致提升,使未使用ExpG的小模型超越使用它的大模型。尤其在挑战性场景中效果显著,展现了实现更鲁棒工具使用的前景。代码、实验与结果已公开。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The performance bottleneck of agents is increasingly shifting from model capability to the robustness of their execution processes. Tools play a central role as the primary interface through which agents interact with external environments, yet existing methods rarely focus on ensuring robust tool use across diverse runtime conditions. To address this problem, we propose ExpG, a mechanism that builds and refines adaptive guidance capturing each tool's capability boundaries and best practices, thereby enabling agents to use tools more robustly and effectively. ExpG consists of three phases: (1) experience acquisition, which analyzes tool invocation quality from historical execution trajectories, producing structured learnable experiences through multi-aspect attribution; (2) experience distillation, which keeps the experience pool effective by filtering unhelpful experiences, selecting representative ones with an equivalence-class-based method, and summarizing them into generalizable guidance; and (3) experience reuse, which applies the guidance adaptively during future task solving. Extensive experiments show that ExpG brings consistent improvements across the tool selection, tool calling, and response generation tasks, enabling smaller agents to outperform larger ones that do not use ExpG. Moreover, ExpG achieves particularly strong gains in challenging settings, suggesting a promising path toward more robust tool use. Our code, experiments, and results are available.

智能体工具使用自适应

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