arXiv:2608.03468cs.AI2026-08

将具体工具操作升维为通用功能流程图,提升大模型跨工具规划能力。

ToolLIFT: Lifting Tool-Specific Trajectories into Function-Level Graphs for Generalizable Tool Planning

论文配图:ToolLIFT: Lifting Tool-Specific Trajectories into Function-Level Graphs for Generalizable Tool Planning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过流程结构编码,将工具轨迹抽象为共享协作经验的功能级图谱。
  • 在五个基准上超越现有方法,对未见工具集表现出强泛化性能。
  • 适合需要跨工具协同的大模型智能体研发人员参考。

历史工具使用轨迹为大语言模型(LLM)代理提供了规划与协调工具使用的宝贵经验。现有方法直接从这些轨迹构建工具级图谱,但生成的图谱仍局限于特定工具,难以跨工具集泛化。基于观察:尽管工具不同,相似任务常具有相同的函数级工作流结构,该结构可作为更具迁移性的抽象用于工具规划。为此,我们提出 ToolLIFT 框架,将工具特定轨迹升维为功能级工作流图(FWG),实现通用工具规划。首先,设计轨迹升维机制,在 FWG 中编码工作流结构,并共享跨工具的协作经验;其次,基于 FWG 的全局结构,引入解耦的工作流规划与工具选择,使个体工具决策与整体流程对齐;最后,采用强化学习,设计源门控与技能专属奖励,保障工具调用间的信息流可追溯。在两个分布内(ID)和三个分布外(OOD)基准上的实验表明,ToolLIFT 均持续优于当前最优基线,展现出对未见工具集的强大泛化能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Historical tool-use trajectories provide valuable experience for large language model (LLM) agents to plan and coordinate tool usage. Existing approaches directly construct tool-level graphs from these trajectories, but the resulting graphs remain tied to specific tools and are hard to generalize across tool sets. To tackle this challenge, we find that despite differences in the tools involved, analogous tasks often share a common function-level workflow structure, which serves as a potentially more transferable abstraction for tool planning. Based on this insight, we propose ToolLIFT, a framework that lifts tool-specific trajectories into a function-level workflow graph (FWG) for generalizable tool planning. Specifically, we first propose a trajectory-lifting mechanism that encodes workflow structures in the FWG and shares collaboration experience across tools. Then, building on the global structure of the FWG, we introduce decoupled workflow planning and tool selection to align individual tool choices with the overall workflow. Lastly, to ensure reliable tool dataflow, we adopt Reinforcement Learning (RL) and propose source-gated and skill-specific rewards to maintain source-traceable information flow across tool calls. Experiments on two in-distribution (ID) and three out-of-distribution (OOD) benchmarks show that ToolLIFT consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, demonstrating strong generalization to unseen tool sets.

工具规划流程图LLM泛化

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