arXiv:2608.03899cs.IR2026-08

无需微调,跨领域推荐模型可直接用于全新场景。

ATLAS: Learning to Recommend Across Unseen Domains

论文配图:ATLAS: Learning to Recommend Across Unseen Domains
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 从多个异构数据域学习通用用户-物品表征,实现零样本部署。
  • 在10个未见过的领域中平均提升命中率24%,优于主流方法。
  • 适合缺乏目标领域数据的推荐系统场景,如新业务上线。

推荐系统通常局限于特定领域:在某一交互环境训练的模型需重新训练或适应目标领域后才能用于新商品目录。现有方法通过迁移有限推荐知识、适应目标域或利用大语言模型获取可迁移表征来缓解此问题。本文提出ATLAS,一种多源推荐领域泛化框架,仅从多个异构源域学习共享的、与领域无关的用户-物品表征,即可实现对完全未见领域的零样本推荐。ATLAS结合格罗莫夫-沃瑟斯坦对齐(保留跨域用户关系)、对抗性目标(使物品表征在域间不可区分)以及残差向量量化(RVQ)码本(将用户与物品嵌入压缩至离散潜在空间,捕捉层级交互模式并抑制域特异性)。在五个亚马逊领域训练后,直接应用于十个未见领域,其平均命中率相对基线提升24%。消融实验与表征分析验证各组件有效性,并发现源域多样性显著提升零样本迁移性能。该研究确立了推荐领域泛化作为零样本推荐的可行范式。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recommender systems remain domain-bound: a model trained on one interaction environment typically requires retraining or target-domain adaptation before it can operate on a new catalogue. A recommender trained on movies cannot be directly deployed to recommend groceries or video games. Existing approaches mitigate this by transferring restricted forms of recommendation knowledge, adapting to the target domain, or leveraging large language models (LLMs) for transferable representations. We instead ask whether recommendation-specific knowledge learned solely from multiple heterogeneous domains can generalize to entirely unseen domains without target-domain adaptation or language-model pretraining. We introduce ATLAS, a multi-source recommendation domain generalization framework that learns a shared, domain-invariant user-item representation from disjoint source domains, enabling zero-shot recommendation on unseen domains. ATLAS combines a Gromov-Wasserstein alignment that preserves how users relate to one another across domains, an adversarial objective that makes item representations indistinguishable across domains, and residual vector quantization (RVQ) codebooks that compress user and item embeddings into a discrete latent space, capturing hierarchical interaction patterns while suppressing domain-specific variation. Trained on five Amazon domains and applied directly to ten unseen domains, ATLAS outperforms state-of-the-art sequential, graph-based, cross-domain, quantization-based, and LLM-based baselines on most unseen domains, with an average relative gain in HitRate of 24%. Ablations and representation analyses validate each component, and we identify a pronounced source-domain diversity effect: increasing source heterogeneity substantially improves zero-shot transfer. ATLAS establishes recommendation domain generalization as a promising paradigm for zero-shot recommendation.

推荐系统领域泛化零样本向量量化

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