发现自适应无人机追踪模型的路径切换存在安全漏洞,可被微小干扰操控。
When Efficiency Becomes Fragility: Exploiting Dynamic Routing Vulnerabilities in Adaptive UAV Tracking

- 利用输入依赖的动态路由机制实现高效推理
- 微小扰动可引发计算路径剧烈变化,导致追踪失效
- 提出新型对抗攻击框架,隐蔽性强且破坏力大
无人机平台的资源限制推动了空中追踪范式从追求性能转向兼顾精度与效率。自适应Transformer追踪器通过输入相关的动态路由架构实现了这一平衡。然而,我们揭示其背后隐藏着关键结构缺陷:计算路径决策存在Lipschitz奇点,其局部Lipschitz常数在离散层跳过边界处无界。这种数学不连续性使自适应追踪网络固有不稳定:微小输入扰动可在门控模块被放大,导致推理拓扑发生剧烈变化。本文首次形式化刻画该奇点,并将其识别为可直接利用的新攻击面。基于此,提出对抗路径反转(API)框架,生成难以察觉的扰动,精确操控门控决策,迫使模型沿异常路径执行推理。原始路径与反转路径间严重不一致彻底破坏模型表征能力。在主流自适应追踪器上的大量实验表明,API具有更强的扰动隐蔽性、更高效的攻击效果和更快的推理速度。本工作为动态追踪网络的安全分析开辟新维度,并对未来构建鲁棒自适应追踪架构提供理论警示。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Resource constraints on UAV platforms have driven a paradigm shift in aerial tracking, from pursuing performance toward balancing accuracy with efficiency. Adaptive Transformer Trackers, which leverage an input-dependent dynamic routing architecture, have emerged as a representative solution to this challenge. However, we reveal that behind this computation-on-demand flexibility hides a critical structural flaw: the Lipschitz singularity of computational path decisions, which has an unbounded local Lipschitz constant at discrete layer-skipping decision boundaries. This mathematical discontinuity renders adaptive tracking networks inherently unstable: tiny input perturbations can be amplified at the gating modules, causing dramatic changes in the inference topology. We formally characterize this singularity in the context of adaptive tracking architectures and, for the first time, identify it as a directly exploitable new attack surface. This insight reveals a previously overlooked and highly vulnerable topological path space attack surface. Based on this, we propose the Adversarial Path-Inversion (API) framework. API generates imperceptible perturbations to precisely manipulate the gating decisions, forcing the inference onto altered computational paths. The severe inconsistency between the original and the inverted paths dismantles the representation capability of the model. Extensive experiments on state-of-the-art adaptive trackers demonstrate that API achieves superior perturbation stealthiness, more effective attack, and faster inference speeds. This work opens a new dimension for the security analysis of dynamic tracking networks and provides a theoretical warning for constructing robust adaptive tracking architectures in the future.
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