通过优化卷积特征相关性,提升量子神经网络的图像分类准确率。
Image Classification Using CNN-QNN Hybrid Model with Optimized Correlated Features

- 在CNN输出中引入适度相关特征,匹配量子纠缠结构。
- 特征相关性均值为0.5时,分类准确率最高,提升约12%。
- 适合研究量子机器学习与混合模型设计的读者。
本文提出一种优化卷积神经网络(CNN)特征相关性的方法,用于输入量子神经网络(QNN)以提升图像分类精度。不同于以往采用正交分解预处理的方法,本工作主动引入具有相关性的特征,使其更符合QNN的物理实现特性。利用QNN对量子纠缠态的天然表达能力,我们假设将特征相关性与量子纠缠结构对齐可提升二分类性能。基于QNN输出的数学推导和蒙特卡洛模拟,结果显示特征间平均相关性为0.5时达到最佳分类精度。我们在三个任务上验证:CIFAR-10(汽车与卡车)、Fashion-MNIST(衬衫与外套)、雷达微多普勒信号(机器人犬与非机器人)。通过在CNN输出上添加相关性正则项,引导特征相关矩阵的非对角元素趋近目标常数。所有数据集上,中等程度相关性均优于低、高或无调节情况,且显著降低分类准确率方差。结果表明,在不修改量子电路的前提下,施加适度相关性可有效提升分类准确率与稳定性,凸显未来更多量子比特下QNN超越经典分类器的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We propose a method to optimize the correlation among convolutional neural network (CNN) features that are used as inputs to quantum neural network (QNN) to enhance image classification accuracy. Unlike prior approaches that employ orthogonal decomposition as preprocessing, we intentionally introduce correlated features that are more physically compatible with QNN. This design leverages the QNN's inherent ability to exploit quantum entanglement for representing correlated states-an advantage unavailable to classical neural networks. We hypothesize that aligning feature correlations with the entanglement structure of QNN improves binary classification performance. Based on a mathematical derivation of QNN outputs, Monte Carlo simulations indicate that an average correlation between features of 0.5 yields optimal classification accuracy. To validate this finding, we evaluate a quantum-classical hybrid model on three tasks: CIFAR-10 (automobile vs. truck), Fashion-MNIST (shirt vs. coat), and radar micro-Doppler signatures (robotic dogs vs. non-robots). To regulate feature correlations, we introduce a correlation-regularization term on the outputs of the CNN, driving the off-diagonal entries of the feature correlation matrix toward a target constant. Across all datasets, inducing intermediate correlation consistently improved accuracy compared to low, high, or unregulated correlations, while also reducing classification accuracy variance. These results demonstrate that imposing moderate feature correlations-without modifying the quantum circuit-enhances classification accuracy and stability by aligning feature statistics with the QNN's entanglement structure. This study highlights the potential of QNN to surpass the performance of classical classifiers as more qubits become available.
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