提出可计算的随机化建议框架,同时实现多样、合理、可行的算法救济方案。
Diverse and Plausible Algorithmic Recourse via Tractable Recourse Distributions

- 用概率电路建模可行救济路径,闭式解无需重训练
- 实验显示三者兼顾,且采样可行性强
- 适合需要多选项公平决策的系统开发者
算法救济旨在通过推荐可行动的改变,帮助个体逆转不利的自动化决策。由于每个人可能有不同路径获得有利结果,救济系统应提供多种现实可行的替代方案而非单一解。现有方法将救济建模为优化问题,仅生成一个或少数几个反事实样本,实践中需在多样性、合理性与可行性间权衡。本文提出可计算的救济分布(Tractable Recourse Distributions),将给定实例的可行解空间表示为倾向性结果的概率分布。对于基于近似度与特征变更数量的常用成本函数,我们证明该分布可通过指数倾斜的概率电路精确表示,每个个体的分布均可闭式求解,无需重新训练模型。从该分布采样能自然生成多样且合理的救济方案,倾斜参数则显式控制接近度与稀疏性。在标准算法救济基准数据集上的实验表明,本框架同时实现多样性、合理性与可行性,且足够概率质量支持拒绝采样实践。对MNIST的可视化研究展示了倾斜强度如何在接近度与有效性间权衡。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Algorithmic recourse seeks to help individuals reverse unfavorable automated decisions by recommending actionable changes that achieve a desired outcome. As an individual usually has several distinct routes to a favorable decision, and different people can act on different ones, a recourse system should offer multiple realistic alternatives rather than one. Existing approaches formulate recourse as an optimization problem that constructs one or a small set of counterfactuals rather than modeling the underlying space of feasible solutions, and in practice each sacrifices diversity, plausibility, or feasibility to secure the others. We propose Tractable Recourse Distributions, a probabilistic framework that represents the space of feasible alternatives for a given factual instance as a probability distribution over favorable outcomes. For commonly used cost functions based on proximity and the number of feature changes, we show that this distribution admits an exact representation as a probabilistic circuit, obtained by exponentially tilting the circuit; each individual's distribution is therefore available in closed form, without retraining the model. Sampling from these distributions naturally produces diverse and plausible recourses, while the tilting parameters provide explicit control over their proximity and sparsity. Experiments on standard algorithmic recourse benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework attains diversity, plausibility, and feasibility simultaneously, while retaining sufficient probability mass over feasible counterfactuals for rejection sampling to be practical. A visual study on MNIST illustrates how the tilt strength trades proximity against validity.
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