AI教授在学术资源分配中存在区域与职称偏见,需警惕其隐含的价值观影响。
Who Gets Access? Global Region and Academic Status Bias in AI-Generated Academic Gatekeeping Scenarios

- 用大模型模拟教授审批请求,控制地区与职称变量。
- 前沿模型多倾向全球南方,小模型则偏向全球北方。
- 揭示模型训练数据和对齐策略如何带来公平性偏差。
科学知识的公平获取常依赖非正式的把关决策,尤其在付费文章、数据集或简历等资源需选择性共享时。我们构建了一个受控模拟框架,让基于大语言模型(LLM)的教授仅批准一个请求。请求者在地理区域(全球北方 vs 全球南方)和学术级别(本科生、博士生、博士后、终身教授)上系统变化,其余因素保持一致。在不同评估场景中,部分模型表现出对博士生的偏好,另一些则更倾向终身教授。但当区域不同时,模型架构导致明显分化:许多前沿大模型因注重公平性的安全对齐,系统性地偏向全球南方请求者;而开源及小型模型则频繁反转偏好,更倾向于全球北方,反映出其基础预训练数据中未对齐的地理分布偏差。研究揭示了模型行为中嵌入的规范假设如何塑造把关决策,强调了对AI系统进行公平性与价值对齐审计的重要性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Equitable access to scientific knowledge often depends on informal gatekeeping decisions, particularly when resources such as paywalled articles, datasets, or professional materials such as curriculum vitae (CV) must be shared selectively. We introduce a controlled simulation framework in which large language model (LLM)-based professors must grant access to only one requestor. Across prompts, requesters vary systematically by global region (Global North vs. Global South) and academic seniority (undergraduate student, PhD candidate, postdoctoral researcher, and tenured professor), while all other factors remain constant. Across varying evaluation scenarios, LLMs exhibit contrasting academic status biases, with some prioritizing PhD candidates, while others favor tenured professors. However, when global regions differ, a distinct divergence emerges based on model architecture: while many frontier LLMs systematically favor requesters from the Global South due to pro-equity bias that results from equity-focused safety alignment, open-weight and small models frequently flip this preference to favor the Global North, reflecting the global region bias and unaligned geographic distribution of their baseline pre-training data. Our findings highlight how normative assumptions embedded in model behavior can shape gatekeeping decisions, underscoring the importance of auditing AI systems for fairness and value alignment.
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