arXiv:2608.05205cs.AI2026-08

提出抽象因果规则,让系统更好预测罕见事件。

Abstract Event Causal Rules: Induction and Application

论文配图:Abstract Event Causal Rules: Induction and Application
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 从具体事件对中提炼通用抽象因果逻辑,提升泛化能力。
  • 在罕见和未见事件上预测准确率显著提升,最高增益达18.7%。
  • 适合需要跨场景推理的智能预警与决策系统使用。

以事件为中心的智能分析系统依赖明确的因果事件知识进行风险预警、决策支持和叙事理解。然而,现有基于实例的因果对在低频长尾及未见事件组合上存在严重泛化缺陷。为此,本文提出抽象事件因果规则(AECR),一种关系级因果抽象范式,将具体因果对转化为保留内在因果关系的通用抽象逻辑。设计多智能体的因果归纳系统(CACI)结合相似性约束聚类,从噪声原始因果数据中提炼可信AECR,构建两个完整的AECR知识库。为验证抽象因果知识的实用性,提出抽象规则引导的因果注意力编码器(AR-GCAE),通过规则引导注意力层与门控表示融合,将检索到的AECR注入因果图事件预测(CGEP)基准任务。定量实验表明,应用AECR显著增强事件因果推理的泛化能力,在事件预测任务中带来一致性能提升,尤其在罕见与未见事件样本上表现突出。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Event-centric intelligent analytical systems heavily depend on explicit causal event knowledge for risk early warning, decision-making support and narrative comprehension. Nevertheless, existing instance-level causal pairs suffer severe generalization deficits on low-frequency long-tail and unseen event combinations. To address this limitation, this work proposes Abstract Event Causal Rule (AECR), a novel relation-level causal abstraction paradigm that transforms concrete cause-effect pairs into generalized abstract causal logic while retaining their intrinsic causal relationships. We design a multi-agent Concrete-to-Abstract Causal Induction (CACI) system coupled with similarity-constrained clustering to distill trustworthy AECRs from noisy raw causal data, based on which two complete AECR knowledge bases are built. To validate the practical utility of abstract causal knowledge, we propose an Abstract Rule-Guided Causal Attention Encoder (AR-GCAE), which injects the retrieved AECRs into the causality Graph Event Prediction (CGEP) benchmark task via rule-guided attention layers and gated representation fusion. Quantitative experimental results reveal that applying AECRs substantially strengthens the generalization capacity of event causal reasoning and brings consistent performance improvements to event prediction, with the most prominent gains observed on rare and unseen event samples.

因果推理事件预测抽象知识长尾泛化

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