提出高效训练量子近似优化算法的新方法,突破有限计算资源下的精确梯度瓶颈。
LC-Implicit-QAOA: Active-Workspace-Capped Exact Objective-and-Gradient Evaluation for Training over Bounded QUBO Light Cones
- 基于因果锥结构预分析,动态分配计算资源并批量处理
- 在内存预算内完成104次请求,最高内存使用仅79.7%
- 适用于固定深度的局域对角QUBO优化,适合量子算法研发者
QAOA训练需反复查询目标函数和共享梯度,即使在QUBO项具有有界因果锥的情况下,精确评估仍是可行性瓶颈。本文基于已有的因果锥限制与伴随微分法,先对因果锥结构及诱导边数进行分析,在局部振幅与命名工作区分配前完成规划,再在命名活跃评估器工作区预算下联合选择等大小微批次与检查点调度。'隐式'指省略全局状态与全局代价表,并非隐式微分;不可行请求在分配前即被拒绝。独立实现的complex128/float64稠密伴随法与LC在1,800次图-角度对比中一致,最坏相对梯度误差为1.56×10⁻¹³。在p=2有界因果锥网格上,LC成功完成全部104个目标请求;在预设n ≤ 24验证上限下,匹配态加代价参考执行了28次,刻意跳过76次。在80个预算请求中,测量的评估器内存占用始终在预算内,最高达0.797。在3-正则n=512、p=2情况下,伴随法在101次目标等价调用与189秒内达到有限预算终点,而中心差分需909次调用与1,565秒。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
QAOA training repeatedly queries an objective and all shared gradients, making exact evaluation a feasibility bottleneck even when QUBO terms have bounded causal cones. Building on established causal-cone restriction and adjoint differentiation, LC-Implicit-QAOA profiles cone structure and induced-edge counts before local-amplitude and named-workspace allocation, then jointly selects equal-size microbatches and checkpoint schedules under a named active-evaluator workspace budget. "Implicit" means omitting both global state and global cost table, not implicit differentiation; infeasible requests are rejected before those allocations. An independently implemented complex128/float64 dense adjoint agrees with LC over 1,800 graph-angle comparisons, with a worst relative gradient error of 1.56 x 10^-13. LC completes all 104 target requests in a p=2 bounded-cone grid; under a prespecified n <= 24 validation cap, the matched state-plus-cost reference is executed for 28 requests and deliberately not run on 76. Across 80 budgeted requests, measured allocated evaluator memory stays within budget, reaching at most 0.797 of it. On 3-regular n=512, p=2, the adjoint reaches the same finite-budget endpoint in 101 objective-equivalent calls and 189 s, versus 909 calls and 1,565 s for central differences. LC targets fixed-depth one- and two-local diagonal QUBO costs with a transverse-field mixer; it provides neither global states, sampling, nor a hardware-independent fastest-backend rule.
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