arXiv:2608.05773cs.LG2026-08

用符号推理+学习融合控制3D打印,自动避免熔池缺陷。

Neuro-Symbolic Closed-Loop Control of Laser Powder Bed Fusion with an In-Loop Ontology

  • 在控制回路中嵌入知识图谱,连接工艺目标与可观测信号。
  • 零缺陷打印:消除悬垂区域飞溅,仅残留微量未熔合。
  • 更换材料或约束只需改数据,无需重写代码,适合工业部署。

提出一种几何条件化的神经符号闭环架构用于激光粉末床熔融,其中符合标准的知识图谱在控制回路内运行,将符号推理与统计学习结合以设定约束感知预测控制器的目标。该知识图谱将工艺目标和约束映射到控制器可观测的信号,并由描述逻辑推理机将其转化为每个扫描路径的参考值和边界。以悬垂飞溅(overhang dross)为例,这是一种受熔池深度限制的质量缺陷,无法在制造过程中直接测量,通过几何与功率相关的深度-宽度比,将其转换为可观测宽度的上限,该比例及其校准不确定性由高斯过程提供。推理机对每个即将出现的特征进行分类并选择激活的约束:在悬垂处添加未熔合下限、超出校准范围时启用单调保护、在工艺窗口内设置能量密度上限。该策略仅基于几何上下文变化更新,其余时间保持单一小型二次规划求解。在基于NIST AM-Bench基准的Eagar-Tsai代理模型(针对IN625合金)上,该架构消除了几何盲控产生的飞溅,双评分条件下仅残留少量未熔合,对刻意的系统失配具有渐进式退化特性,并可通过修改知识图谱数据而非代码实现新合金与新约束的快速重配置。结果验证了架构可行性,下一步关键为实验校准深度-宽度比。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

A geometry-conditioned, neuro-symbolic closed-loop architecture is proposed for laser powder bed fusion, in which a standards-aligned ontology operates inside the control loop and couples symbolic reasoning with statistical learning to set the targets of a constraint-aware predictive controller. The ontology links the process objectives and constraints to the signals a controller can observe, and a description-logic reasoner converts them into the references and bounds enforced on each scan. The demonstrated case is overhang dross, a quality limit on the melt pool depth, which governs quality yet cannot be measured during the build, is mapped through a geometry- and power-dependent depth-to-width ratio onto a bound on the observable width, with the ratio and its calibrated uncertainty supplied by a Gaussian process. The reasoner classifies each upcoming feature and selects the active constraints-adding a lack-of-fusion floor at overhangs, a monotone guard beyond the calibrated range, and an energy-density cap where a process window is declared while running only on changes of geometric context and otherwise leaving a single small quadratic program on the per-scan path. In an Eagar-Tsai surrogate calibrated to the NIST AM-Bench benchmark for IN625, the architecture eliminates the dross produced by a geometry-blind controller, holds dross at zero with only a small residual lack-of-fusion under dual scoring, degrades gracefully under deliberate plant mismatch, and retargets to new alloys and constraints by editing ontology data rather than code. The results establish architectural feasibility, experimental calibration of the ratio is the principal next step.

3D打印符号学习闭环控制智能制造

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