arXiv:2608.06650cs.ROcs.AI2026-08

首个支持GPU加速与端到端可微的软体机器人建模框架,提速超200倍。

SoRoMoX: Fast, Differentiable, and Parallelizable Soft Robot Models

论文配图:SoRoMoX: Fast, Differentiable, and Parallelizable Soft Robot Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于JAX实现可微分、并行化的软体机器人数值模型
  • GPU并行推演速度提升234.6倍,静态平衡识别误差降低66%
  • 适合需要快速仿真与强化学习的机器人控制研究者

基于柯西-杆理论的降阶模型已成熟,但现有实现不支持可微、GPU并行与控制导向工作流。本文提出SoRoMoX(Soft Robot Models in JAX),一个完全数值化、可即时编译的Python/JAX框架。它通过统一接口实现带关节、分段恒应变与变应变模型,提供惯性矩阵、重力与弹性力、雅可比及其导数。据我们所知,它是首个直接在GPU上运行且对状态、输入、参数全可微的杆/应变类软体机器人建模框架。序列式CPU推演比现有最优方案快18.1倍,GPU并行推演吞吐量提升234.6倍。该性能使此前难以实现的工作成为可能:静态平衡系统辨识的标记均方根误差降低66%;残差力学习进一步减少64%;计算扭矩跟踪相比无模型PD控制,误差降低约500倍;控制增益优化使损失降低62%;使用高阶控制屏障函数约束接触力峰值在5N内(无约束时为33.5N);强化学习策略训练速度比基于CPU的PyElastica基线快7倍。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reduced-order models based on Cosserat-rod theory are now well established, and modeling theory is no longer the primary bottleneck in soft-robot control. Their implementations, however, do not support the differentiable, GPU-parallel, and control-oriented workflows that underpin advanced rigid-robotics applications. Here, we fill this gap with SoRoMoX (Soft Robot Models in JAX), a fully numerical, JIT-compilable Python/JAX framework. SoRoMoX implements articulated, Piecewise Constant Strain, and Variable Strain models through a unified, control-ready interface that provides inertia matrices, gravitational and elastic forces, Jacobians, and their derivatives. To our knowledge, it is the first rod/strain-based soft-robot modeling framework that runs directly on GPUs and is end-to-end differentiable with respect to states, inputs, and parameters. Sequential CPU rollouts are up to 18.1x faster than state-of-the-art alternatives, while GPU-parallel rollouts increase throughput by up to 234.6x. This performance enables workflows that were previously impractical or impossible: static-equilibrium system identification with 66% lower marker RMSE; residual-force learning with a further 64% reduction; computed-torque tracking with RMSE reduced by a factor of approximately 500 relative to model-free PD; control-gain optimization with up to 62% lower loss than untuned gains; safety-constrained control using high-order control barrier functions to keep the peak contact force within a prescribed 5 N bound, compared with 33.5 N without the safety constraint; and reinforcement-learning policy training up to 7x faster than a CPU PyElastica discrete-rod baseline through massively parallel rollouts.

软体机器人可微分建模GPU加速强化学习

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