构建德国资助补偿档案的语义框架，助力历史数据跨系统整合与知识图谱建设。
BZKO: An Ontology for the Card Index of German Post-War Compensation Records
- 分层设计语义模型，分离领域本体与互操作扩展，兼顾逻辑严谨性与复用性。
- 融合BFO、RiC-O等标准，实现档案溯源信息的完整保留与结构化表达。
- 为数字人文平台提供可复用的语义基础，适合历史档案数字化与知识图谱研究者。
德国中央档案卡索引（Bundeszentralkartei）是记录纳粹迫害受害者及其亲属索赔请求的关键档案资源，支撑德国战后赔偿（Wiedergutmachung）进程。为实现该历史性文献的语义增强表示、集成与再利用，本文提出BZK语义本体（BZKO）。我们设计了两层本体架构：将基于本体论的领域语义与面向互操作性的扩展构造相分离。该方法结合BFO的现实主义原则与档案标准（RiC-O、PROV-O、PiCo），支持溯源信息保留的语义集成，同时保证逻辑严谨性、模块化及在数字人文基础设施中的复用性。本方案为将赔偿档案材料整合至数字人文平台奠定了可复用的语义基础，为未来知识图谱构建、本体验证以及纳入更多历史实体和不确定时空信息提供了支持。本体已在 https://github.com/ISE-FIZKarlsruhe/bzko 开放获取。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The Central Federal Card Index (Bundeszentralkartei) of Germany is a key archival resource documenting compensation claims submitted by victims of National Socialist persecution and their relatives, within the German Wiedergutmachung process. To enable semantically enriched representation, integration, and reuse of this historically significant collection, we present the BZK Ontology (BZKO). We propose a two-layer ontology for historical archival data that separates ontologically grounded domain semantics from interoperability-oriented extension constructs. The approach combines BFO-based realism with archival standards (RiC-O, PROV-O, PiCo), enabling provenance-preserving semantic integration, while maintaining logical rigor, modularity, and reuse across digital humanities infrastructures. The proposed approach establishes a reusable semantic foundation for the integration of Wiedergutmachung archival materials into digital humanities infrastructures and lays the groundwork for future knowledge graph generation, ontology validation, and the incorporation of additional historical entities and uncertain temporal and spatial information. The ontology is available on https://github.com/ISE-FIZKarlsruhe/bzko.
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