arXiv:2608.07005cs.RO2026-08

实时规划移动机械臂携带不规则物体避障,解决几何与运动耦合难题。

Real-time Whole-Body Motion Planning for Mobile Manipulators Carrying Arbitrarily Shaped Payloads via Kinematically-Coupled SVSDF

论文配图:Real-time Whole-Body Motion Planning for Mobile Manipulators Carrying Arbitrarily Shaped Payloads via Kinematically-Coupled SVSDF
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分层架构:前端保真碰撞检测,中端平滑轨迹,后端基于耦合梯度优化
  • 在真实机器人上实现非凸载荷通过狭窄通道,速度达10Hz以上
  • 适合复杂场景下需高精度避障的工业搬运任务

移动机械臂在复杂环境中运输大型非凸载荷的需求日益增长,但现有规划方法或简化载荷几何,或忽略机械臂各关节间的运动学耦合,导致可行空间丢失或优化停滞。本文提出一种面向携带任意形状载荷的移动机械臂实时全肢体运动规划框架。前端采用链式分解的核基碰撞检测,保留机器人与载荷的真实几何,存储紧凑且支持快速位级查询;中端预处理将前端路径转换为连续轨迹,满足平滑性与可行性,若无碰撞则直接执行,避免耗时的后端优化;当需精修时,后端基于运动学耦合的SVSDF(KC-SVSDF)进行轨迹优化,沿运动链传播避障梯度,生成协调一致的全肢体避让方向。消融实验、与前沿方法对比及在差速驱动移动机械臂上的实机测试表明,该框架能可靠地在狭窄通道和密集环境内运输大型非凸载荷。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Mobile manipulators are increasingly tasked with transporting large, non-convex payloads through cluttered environments, yet existing planners either oversimplify the payload geometry or fail to handle the kinematic coupling between manipulator links, leading to lost feasible space or stalled optimization. This letter presents a real-time whole-body motion planning framework for mobile manipulators carrying arbitrarily shaped payloads. The front-end employs a chain-decomposed kernel-based collision check that preserves the true geometry of the robot and payload, with compact storage and fast bit-level queries. A mid-end preprocessing stage converts the front-end path into a continuous trajectory enforcing smoothness and feasibility, and executes it directly when collision-free to bypass the costly back-end. When refinement is required, the back-end performs trajectory optimization built on a Kinematically-Coupled SVSDF (KC-SVSDF), which propagates collision-avoidance gradients along the kinematic chain to produce coherent whole-body escape directions. Ablation studies, comparative benchmarks against state-of-the-art baselines, and real-world experiments on a differential-drive mobile manipulator demonstrate that the proposed framework reliably transports large, non-convex payloads through tight passages and cluttered environments.

运动规划机械臂实时系统避障

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