arXiv:2608.07573cs.RO2026-08

提出精确约束控制方法,让机械臂在复杂任务中严格满足运动约束。

Projection-Retraction MPPI: Exact Constraint-Manifold Control for Manipulators

论文配图:Projection-Retraction MPPI: Exact Constraint-Manifold Control for Manipulators
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过投影-回缩机制,在采样阶段直接强制满足等式与不等式约束。
  • 14自由度双臂系统仿真中,闭链约束满足数值精度,避障与关节限位均有效。
  • 适合需要高精度约束的机器人操控,如双臂协同、避障与关节保护场景。

模型预测路径积分(MPPI)控制广泛用于操作任务,因其无需梯度且可并行处理非凸代价。然而,操作任务常要求在整个运动过程中严格满足约束:如双臂抓握形成的闭链结构需始终保持精确,或关节极限与障碍物间隙不可逾越。现有MPPI仅通过代价函数以软惩罚方式处理约束,当任务代价较强时易失效。为此,本文提出投影-回缩MPPI(PR-MPPI),将约束直接嵌入采样动力学。每一步滚动规划中,采样速度先被投影至满足等式约束的子空间,再在该子空间内投影至各不等式约束对应的半空间,确保不等式处理不破坏等式约束。然而,该投影仅一阶满足约束,有限步长仍会产生微小偏离。因此,我们进一步将输出指令回缩至约束流形,达到数值容差且与任务权重无关。我们在14自由度双臂系统上验证了PR-MPPI:仿真中,闭链等式约束在关节极限应力测试与随机障碍物避让中均保持数值精度;真实硬件实验中,Unitree H1-2人形机器人双臂能动态避开移动障碍物。代码与实验视频见 https://rcilab.github.io/prmppi。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control is widely used in manipulation for its gradient-free, parallel handling of non-convex costs. Manipulation tasks, however, often impose constraints that hold throughout the motion: a closed kinematic chain that two grasping arms keep exactly, or joint limits and obstacle clearances that are never crossed. MPPI handles such constraints only through the cost, as soft penalties that hold approximately and fail under a strong task cost. To address this, we propose Projection-Retraction MPPI (PR-MPPI), which enforces the constraints inside the sampled dynamics. At every rollout step, the sampled velocity is projected to satisfy both constraint types: the equality restricts it to a subspace, and each inequality to a half-space within that subspace, so inequality handling never breaks the equality. This projection, however, satisfies the constraints only to first order, and a finite step leaves a small drift off the equality. Therefore, we retract the returned command back onto the constraint to numerical tolerance and independent of task weighting. We validate PR-MPPI on 14-DoF dual-arm systems. In simulation, the returned commands satisfy the closed-chain equality to numerical tolerance through a joint-limit stress test and randomized obstacle avoidance. On real hardware, the arms of a Unitree H1-2 humanoid reactively avoid a moving obstacle. Code and experiment videos are available at https://rcilab.github.io/prmppi.

机器人控制约束优化双臂协作

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