通过软硬材料分区设计,提升机械手抓取硬币的稳定性和适用范围。
A Mixed-Stiffness Anthropomimetic Fingertip Broadens the Operating Range for Coin Grasping

- 在指尖中心用软硅胶、边缘用硬硅胶,形成内嵌刚性边界
- 在36种测试条件下,混合刚度指尖成功率远超均匀软质指尖
- 无需指甲结构即可稳定抓取六种日本硬币,适合精密抓取场景
机器人抓取薄而平坦的物体(如硬币)在坚硬表面仍具挑战性,因传统方法需翻转物体、接触底部或添加专用指甲结构。此前我们发现,刚性指甲可限制软垫变形,形成几何约束以提升抓取精度。本文探究:能否通过材料选择而非解剖结构,在软垫内部构建额外约束边界,从而扩展该约束的有效条件?我们制作了中心为邵氏E10硅胶、边缘为邵氏A60硅胶的类人指尖,并与均匀软质E10指尖对比。自动化装置执行斜向旋转尖端捏合,使垫片接触硬币侧壁,将其从完全贴合状态抬起,无底部间隙。在水平接近距离、垂直手指位移及食指旋转变化下,混合刚度指尖在几何约束形成和稳定抓握过渡阶段均表现更优,覆盖更多测试条件。在实验1-1的36个条件下,无指甲的混合刚度对全部失败;而均匀软质对在沿手指轴向位置变化时表现更好,体现条件依赖的权衡。调参适配硬币尺寸后,两种指尖均可抓取六种日本面额硬币。结果表明,薄物抓取的操作范围不仅取决于垫片整体柔软度,还受刚度在钉支持垫中分布位置的影响,提示边界位置是指尖设计的新变量。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robotic grasping of thin, flat objects such as coins on hard surfaces remains challenging because conventional methods require reorienting the object, accessing its underside, or adding a dedicated nail mechanism. We previously showed that a rigid nail arrests soft-pad deformation and thereby forms a geometric constraint that improves precision grasping. Here we asked whether an additional constraint-forming boundary, created within the pad by material choice rather than by anatomy, could extend the conditions under which that constraint holds. We fabricated anthropomimetic fingertips with Shore E10 silicone at the center and Shore A60 at the sides, and compared them with uniformly soft E10 fingertips. An automated apparatus performed an oblique rotational tip pinch in which the pad engaged the coin's lateral surface, lifting it from flush contact with no gap beneath it. Over variations in horizontal approach distances, vertical finger displacements, and index-finger rotation, the mixed-stiffness pair maintained high success rates across more tested settings than the uniform pair during both geometric-constraint formation and the transition to a stable grasp. The nail-free pair failed in all 36 conditions of Experiment 1-1. However, the uniform pair performed better when coin position along the finger axis was varied, a condition-dependent trade-off. After tuning for coin size, both fingertip types grasped all six Japanese denominations. These results suggest that the operating range for thin-object grasping depends not only on pad softness but also on where stiffness is placed within a nail-supported pad, making boundary placement a candidate fingertip design variable.
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