arXiv:2608.08026cs.AI2026-08

权威信号影响多方冲突判断,同一证据因持有者不同而结论相反。

The Authority Expectancy Effect in Multi-Party Conflict

论文配图:The Authority Expectancy Effect in Multi-Party Conflict
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过实验发现权威线索会改变证据解读方式
  • 相同证据在不同权威方手中导致相反或一致的判断结果
  • 适合研究决策偏见、司法公正与组织行为的研究者

在资源分配、责任归因和争议调解等多方竞争情境中,我们检验了社会权威(SA)线索(如职业地位、机构文件)是否像标量权重一样作用于判断。结果推翻了标量权重假设:在分配决策中,同一对线索的效应相互作用且方向相反;在多轮争议中,相同文件证据并不固定支持某一方,而是根据持有方权威地位决定保护谁或双方。此外,权威信号还影响是否作出判断:去除职业标签但保留文件证据时,六种模型中有四种拒绝判决;而当文件存在时,同一标签显著降低拒绝率。这一模式被形式化为权威预期效应(AEE),包含证据重解机制(相同内容因持有者不同产生不同判断)和方向敏感性(同一线索在不同权威位置下支持不同对象或双方)。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In multi-party competitive settings, across experiments on resource allocation, fault attribution, and dispute mediation, we test whether social authority (SA) cues such as occupational status and institutional documentation behave as if scalar weights were added to one side of a judgment. We reject this scalar-weight null on both of its predictions: cue effects are not independent in allocation decisions, where the same pair of cues interacts in opposite directions across models, and evidentiary cues do not exert a fixed directional influence in multi-turn disputes, where identical documentation draws protection to one party or extends it to both depending on which party holds it. The cues also govern whether a judgment is issued at all: removing an occupational label while retaining documentary evidence drives four of six models into refusal, yet the same label sharply reduces refusal when documentation is present, so the gate is subject to the same interaction as the judgment. We formalize this pattern as the Authority Expectancy Effect (AEE), comprising evidential reinterpretation, whereby identical content yields different judgments depending on which party bears the SA signal, and \textit{direction sensitivity}, whereby the same evidentiary cue favours different parties, or one party versus both, depending on the holder's authority position.

权威效应认知偏见决策机制冲突调解

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