arXiv:2608.08037cs.AI2026-08

通过自动构建与演化技能,让本地小模型达到云端大模型的任务效果。

SkillSmith: Enhancing Locally Deployed Agents via Automatic Skill Construction and Evolution

论文配图:SkillSmith: Enhancing Locally Deployed Agents via Automatic Skill Construction and Evolution
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用技能作为高效知识载体,从云端代理探索中自动生成技能。
  • 本地代理执行反馈驱动技能演化,使小模型任务成功率接近云端大模型。
  • 无需专家编写,适配多种小模型,显著减少操作次数。

基于大语言模型的代理框架现可胜任多步骤任务,但主流方案如OpenClaw依赖闭源云LLM,存在隐私泄露和重复调用成本问题。本地代理虽部署在用户设备上,使用前沿开源小模型(SLM),但任务表现仍远逊于云端代理。诊断分析表明,主要瓶颈在于小模型缺乏环境知识,包括操作规则与流程。为此,我们提出SkillSmith——一种云-本地协同框架,以技能为上下文高效的知识载体,自动从云端代理的任务探索中生成技能,并利用本地代理执行反馈持续演化技能,从而增强冻结的本地代理。在AppWorld与WorkBench两个日常任务数据集上的实验显示,经自动生成技能增强后,使用Qwen3.6-27B(SLM)的本地代理任务效果媲美使用前沿大模型的云端代理,超越最强非参数基线,在AppWorld-Normal上将平均动作数从36.1降至9.9,且可泛化至其他SLM模型而无需重跑技能构建。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

LLM-based agent frameworks now act as personal assistants for multi-step tasks. Existing agent frameworks such as OpenClaw commonly follow the Cloud Agent depolyment mode using closed-source cloud LLMs as backbone model, which may expose private user information and incur repeated LLM-calling costs. Local Agents address these deployment concerns by depolying frontier open-source SLMs on user-controlled devices, but their task effectiveness still lags far behind Cloud Agents. Through diagnostic analysis, we reveal that the limited effectiveness of Local Agents with frontier SLM backbones mainly comes from missing environment knowledge caused by limited backbone model scale including environment rules and operation procedures. To supply such knowledge non-parametrically, context-efficiently, and without expert authoring, we present SkillSmith, a Cloud--Local Agent collaboration framework that uses Skill as a context-efficient knowledge carrier, automatic constructs Skill from Cloud Agent task exploration and evolves Skill using Local Agent execution feedback to enhance a frozen Local Agent. Experiments on daily agent task datasets AppWorld and WorkBench show that the automatically generated Skill enables the Local Agent with Qwen3.6-27B(SLM) to achieve task effectiveness comparable to Cloud Agents with frontier LLMs, outperform the strongest non-parametric baselines, reduce average actions per task from 36.1 to 9.9 on AppWorld-Normal, and generalize to other SLM backbone models without rerunning Skill construction.

智能代理本地部署技能演化小模型

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