arXiv:2608.08046cs.AI2026-08

用大模型优化提示词,让肺部X光生成更准更像真片。

JustLLMGRPO: Radiographic Control for Chest X-Ray Generation

论文配图:JustLLMGRPO: Radiographic Control for Chest X-Ray Generation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用大模型重写提示词,不改生成器,直接提升图像质量。
  • RadDINO-FID降至26.780,比直接提示提升50.6%。
  • 适合想提高医学影像生成准确性的研究人员。

文本条件的胸部X光生成旨在合成真实反映指定病灶的影像。现有方法主要通过改进图像生成器来提升质量,隐式地将提示视为在胸片领域适应后固定不变。我们发现这种以生成器为中心的视角忽略了重要的优化空间。在冻结已适配胸片的Sana生成器的前提下,仅用未修改的大语言模型进行一次提示重写,即可使RadDINO-FID从54.225降至27.572。提示分析表明,该模型抑制了时间对比、不确定性等不可渲染的报告内容,转而强调可见的放射学特征。然而,不受约束的提示重写会使BioViL-T与源提示的对齐度从0.695降至0.609。因此,我们提出JustLLMGRPO,仅对大语言模型的提示策略应用标准的组相对策略优化(GRPO),保持Sana生成器不变。基于组相对的放射科感知图像反馈,在保持视觉焦点的同时保留了与源提示的一致性。在CheXGenBench上,JustLLMGRPO将RadDINO-FID降至26.780,相比直接提示提升50.6%,同时维持对齐度(0.696对比0.695)。它还在分布覆盖和下游分类效用上达到当前最优。结果表明,适配生成器后仍存在大量性能潜力,取决于如何表达放射学信息。代码已公开于https://github.com/pxcai/JustLLMGRPO。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Text-conditioned chest X-ray generation aims to synthesize realistic radiographs that faithfully depict specified findings. Existing work has primarily improved quality by updating image generators, implicitly treating prompts as fixed after CXR-domain adaptation. We show that this generator-centric view leaves a substantial optimization dimension underexplored. With a CXR-adapted Sana generator frozen, one-pass reformulation by an unmodified LLM reduces RadDINO-FID from 54.225 to 27.572. Prompt analysis shows that the LLM suppresses temporal comparisons, uncertainty, and other non-renderable report content while emphasizing visible radiographic findings. However, unconstrained reformulation reduces BioViL-T alignment with source prompts from 0.695 to 0.609. We therefore introduce JustLLMGRPO, which applies standard Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) only to the LLM prompt policy while keeping Sana frozen. Group-relative radiology-aware image feedback retains visual focus while preserving source-prompt alignment. On CheXGenBench, JustLLMGRPO reduces RadDINO-FID to 26.780, a 50.6% improvement over direct prompting, while maintaining alignment (0.696 versus 0.695). It also achieves state-of-the-art distribution coverage and downstream classification utility. These results show that substantial performance can remain latent in how radiographic information is expressed to an adapted generator. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/pxcai/JustLLMGRPO.

医学影像提示优化生成模型

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