提出软去噪扩散桥模型,解决端点约束过强导致的数值不稳问题。
SDDBMs: Soft Denoising Diffusion Bridge Models

- 用非退化高斯分布替代精确端点,缓解终端奇异问题。
- 在图像修复任务中生成质量更优,数值稳定性显著提升。
- 适用于需稳定生成的图像重建场景,如医学影像修复。
扩散桥模型利用Doob的h-变换构建任意端点分布间的随机传输,在图像到图像转换和修复中展现出潜力。然而,现有模型多依赖硬端点条件,强制终态严格匹配目标,导致终端分布坍缩为狄拉克测度,使末端漂移系数病态。本文提出软去噪扩散桥模型(SDDBMs),在终端约束层面直接正则化扩散桥。不再强制精确端点,而是指定变换路径测度下的非退化高斯终端边缘分布,具备灵活的中心与方差。基于此,我们完整推导了软桥的闭式构造,包括高斯终端重加权、软h函数,以及诱导的高斯前向边缘与无x₀动力学。理论上,SDDBMs提供统一的概率视角,涵盖现有扩散桥模型(如DDBMs、GOUB、UniDB)作为特定参数下的特例。大量图像修复实验表明,相比已有桥模型,SDDBMs在数值稳定性与生成质量上均有显著提升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Diffusion bridge models leverage Doob's \(h\)-transform to construct stochastic transports between arbitrary endpoint distributions, and have shown strong potential in image-to-image translation and restoration. However, most existing bridge models rely on hard endpoint conditioning, which forces the terminal state to match a prescribed target exactly. This hard constraint induces terminal-boundary singularities: the terminal law collapses to a Dirac measure, and the resulting drift coefficients become ill-conditioned near the endpoint. In this paper, we propose Soft Denoising Diffusion Bridge Models (SDDBMs), a generalized framework that regularizes diffusion bridges directly at the level of their terminal constraints. Instead of imposing an exact endpoint, SDDBMs prescribe a non-degenerate Gaussian terminal marginal under the transformed path measure, with a flexible terminal center and variance. Starting from this prescribed marginal, we develop a complete closed-form construction of the soft bridge, including the Gaussian terminal reweighting and soft \(h\)-function, the induced Gaussian forward marginals and \(\mathbf{x}_0\)-free dynamics. Theoretically, SDDBMs provide a unified probabilistic perspective that encompasses existing diffusion bridge models, including DDBMs, GOUB, and UniDB, as special cases under specific parameter choices. Extensive experiments on image restoration tasks demonstrate that SDDBMs achieve improved numerical stability and superior generation quality over existing bridge-based methods.
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