用机器学习优化卫星无线供电调度,提升效率与任务响应速度。
ML-Based Hierarchical Prediction for Practical Energy Scheduling in Dynamic NTN-WPT Systems

- 分三层预测框架,用ML模型预判卫星与终端状态
- 多目标强化学习平衡能效、完成率与等待时间
- 自注意力+MAPPO模型适合高动态复杂场景
随着远距离无线能量传输(WPT)和空间能源技术的发展,将WPT集成到非地面网络(NTNs)中,即NTN-WPT,正成为下一代无线网络的有前景方案。本文提出一种联合优化能量效率、任务完成率和任务等待时间的能量调度方法,面向低地球轨道卫星向地面移动用户设备(UDs)供电。为应对卫星与终端移动性及随机传播效应带来的信道不确定性,我们构建了三层预测框架:1)状态预测层预测用户与卫星状态;2)交互映射层采用图神经网络(GNN)建模能量传输效率;3)决策层确定能量分配方案。各层采用定制化机器学习方法。为平衡多目标,采用多目标强化学习(MORL)将目标转化为加权和奖励,转化为可解的单目标问题。进一步引入结合自注意力机制的多智能体深度学习模型,融合多智能体近端策略优化(MAPPO),提升目标平衡能力。仿真结果表明,所提方法在基准方法之上实现更优的整体权衡,在保持竞争力的任务完成率与能效的同时降低任务等待时间,并在高度变化条件下仍具鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With advancements in long-distance wireless power transfer (WPT) and space-based energy technologies, integrating WPT into non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), referred to as NTN-WPT, is emerging as a promising approach for next-generation wireless networks. This paper proposes an energy-scheduling approach that jointly optimizes energy efficiency, task completion rate, and task waiting time for power transfer from low Earth orbit satellites to terrestrial mobile user devices (UDs). To address scheduling challenges caused by satellite and UD mobility and channel uncertainty from stochastic propagation effects, we decompose the problem into three subproblems within a three-layer predictive framework: 1) a state prediction layer forecasts UD and satellite states; 2) an interaction mapping layer uses a graph neural network (GNN) to model energy transfer efficiency; and 3) a decision-making layer determines the energy allocation plan. Distinct machine learning (ML) methods are tailored to each layer. To balance the competing objectives, we adopt a multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) technique that scalarizes them into a weighted-sum reward, transforming the multi-objective problem into a tractable single-objective problem. We further introduce a multi-agent deep learning model integrating self-attention with multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO) to improve objective balancing. Simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves a better overall trade-off than baseline methods, maintaining competitive task completion rates and energy efficiency while reducing task waiting times, and remains robust under highly variable conditions.
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