arXiv:2608.08876cs.HCcs.LG2026-08

用神经场建模图布局,让新节点只需一次前向传播即可定位。

Inductive Graph Layout with Implicit Neural Fields

论文配图:Inductive Graph Layout with Implicit Neural Fields
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用小型神经网络将节点到关键点的距离映射为坐标,替代传统坐标优化。
  • 仅需少量采样节点训练,推理时对新节点扩展性强,速度达O(|A|N)。
  • 支持多种布局风格统一生成,适合动态或大规模图可视化场景。

传统图布局依赖优化N个自由坐标,而本文提出Fling(基于隐式神经几何的场布局),通过固定参数的神经网络实现图布局建模。该方法将节点位置表示为对一组地标点距离的函数,训练时基于布局能量进行优化。无需显式计算全量距离矩阵,每对节点的静止长度可在常数时间内由地标约束得出;另一网络则从精确锚点行中学习主要化和,每步复杂度为O(|A|N),其中|A|≪N。与依赖消息传递的神经绘图不同,本方法将布局视为节点特征的函数,新增节点仅需一次前向传播,稀疏且低秩的主要化仍保持归纳性。未知量为权重而非坐标,能量计算仅需少数节点样本,所拟合场在能源拟合任务中优于PivotMDS、地标MDS及同能量同特征训练的核岭回归。此外,同一参数化还支持随机枢纽应力变体,以及融合邻接嵌入、边距和交叉项的美学优化版本,通过权重调节两种能量可一次性生成完整布局族。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

A graph layout is normally a table of $N$ free coordinates. We optimise a function with a fixed number of parameters instead. This gives a drawing a sample complexity and an extensible domain. Force-directed algorithms remain the standard tools for graph drawing. The most accurate among them minimise stress in the Kamada-Kawai formulation by directly optimising the node coordinates, at a full objective cost of $O(N^2)$ in time and space. Here, we propose Fling (Field Layout via Implicit Neural Geometry), a small neural network mapping the distances of each node to a set of landmarks, positioning it in the plane by training on the layout energy. The full spring system then becomes tractable without its distance matrix, as rest lengths follow from a landmark bound in constant time per pair while a second network learns the majorisation sums from exact anchor rows, at $O(|\mathcal{A}|N)$ per step for $|\mathcal{A}|\ll N$ anchors. Unlike neural drawers that read the graph by message passing, we represent the drawing as a function of node features. An unseen node costs one forward pass, where sparse and low-rank majorisation remain transductive. As the unknowns are weights rather than coordinates, the energy only requires a small fraction of the nodes, and a field fitted that way outperforms PivotMDS, landmark MDS, and a kernel ridge trained on the same energy and features, when the task is fitting the energy of a graph from a sample of its nodes. In addition, the same parameterisation enables a stochastic pivot stress variant, an aesthetics-optimised variant carrying a neighbour-embedding energy with node-edge clearance and crossing terms on the same field, and conditioning on the weight between two energies gives a whole layout family from one run.

图布局神经场可扩展动态图

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