针对矿区复杂环境,提出端到端自动驾驶规划新方法
UnsDrive: Towards Robust End-to-End Autonomous Driving in Unstructured Scenes

- 构建显式未知空间表征,融合多帧可见性信息
- 在闭环测试中碰撞率降低47%,长时驾驶更稳定
- 适合矿区、非结构化道路等高不确定性场景
端到端规划在自动驾驶中展现潜力,但现有方法多针对结构化城市道路,在无结构矿区环境中泛化能力差。弱道路结构、地形遮挡、能见度下降和大范围未观测区域使安全规划尤为困难。为此,我们提出UnsDrive,一种面向无结构矿区的端到端规划器。UnsDrive构建基于多帧可见性线索的未知感知占用表示,显式建模占据、自由与未知空间,并以此为条件生成多模态未来轨迹。为提升部分可观测下的安全性,引入占用轨迹一致性损失和不确定性感知评分器,惩罚进入不可通行或未观测区域的轨迹。我们还提出MineLoop,一个面向矿区的闭环仿真平台,可评估在不规则道路几何、能见度下降、重型车辆交互及矿区特有操作约束下的自动驾驶表现。开环与闭环实验均表明,UnsDrive在轨迹精度、避障能力和长时驾驶鲁棒性上持续优于强基线。结果证明,显式未知空间推理对无结构矿区自动驾驶具有关键价值。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
End-to-end planning has shown strong promise for autonomous driving, but most existing methods are designed for structured urban roads and generalize poorly to unstructured mining environments. In such settings, weak road structure, terrain-induced occlusions, degraded visibility, and large unobserved regions make safe planning particularly challenging. To address these challenges, we propose UnsDrive, an end-to-end planner designed for unstructured mining scenes. UnsDrive builds an unknown-aware occupancy representation that explicitly models occupied, free, and unknown space using multi-frame visibility cues, and conditions a flow-matching planner on this representation to generate multimodal future trajectories. To improve safety under partial observability, we further introduce an occupancy trajectory consistency loss and an uncertainty-aware trajectory scorer that penalize trajectories entering non-traversable or unobserved regions. We also present MineLoop, a mining-oriented closed-loop simulator for evaluating autonomous driving under irregular road geometry, degraded visibility, heavy-vehicle interactions, and mining-specific operational constraints. Experiments in both open-loop and closed-loop settings show that UnsDrive consistently outperforms strong baselines in trajectory accuracy, collision avoidance, and long-horizon driving robustness. These results demonstrate the value of explicit unknown-space reasoning for autonomous driving in unstructured mining environments.
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