arXiv:2608.09147cs.CV2026-08

用视觉对齐修正单目3D检测的深度误差,无需预测具体数值。

RefineAny3D: Depth Refinement as Semantic Alignment for Monocular 3D Detection

论文配图:RefineAny3D: Depth Refinement as Semantic Alignment for Monocular 3D Detection
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将深度修正转为图像空间的视觉对齐任务,通过动作标记实现分类决策。
  • 在KITTI和Waymo数据集上提升闭集与开放词汇检测精度,最高增益达6.2%。
  • 无需重新训练,可通用到新类别、新场景和新相机,适合部署优化。

单目3D目标检测分为两类:固定类别词汇表的闭集检测器,以及利用深度基础模型进行3D几何推断的开放词汇检测器。我们发现,现有深度基础模型虽具备强零样本泛化能力,但缺乏3D检测所需的物体级精度:用先进深度模型替换强检测器的预测深度反而降低准确率,甚至低于检测器自身预测。为此,我们不追求端到端提升检测器或深度模型精度,而是将物体级深度修正视为独立任务,提出RefineAny3D——一种视觉语言模型,可在不输出数值深度的情况下纠正深度。核心洞察是:深度误差在图像空间有明显视觉特征:正确位置的框紧密包围物体,过远则投影过小,过近则投影过大。因此,深度修正转化为视觉对齐问题,通过扩展VLM词汇表引入动作标记,以分类决策替代数值输出,并基于大规模链式思维数据集进行监督,每个决策均附带明确视觉证据。作为单一后处理步骤,RefineAny3D在闭集检测器、开放词汇检测器及3D自动标注工具中均带来一致性能提升,且无需重训练即可泛化至新类别、新场景与新相机。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Monocular 3D object detection spans two regimes: closed-set detectors operating within a fixed category vocabulary, and open-vocabulary detectors that localize arbitrary categories by leveraging depth foundation models for 3D geometry. We find that current depth foundation models, despite their strong zero-shot generalization, lack the object-level precision 3D detection demands: substituting a state-of-the-art depth foundation model for a strong detector's predicted depth degrades accuracy, even falling below the detector's own prediction. Rather than pushing detectors or depth models to be more accurate end-to-end, we treat object-level depth refinement as a stand-alone task and present RefineAny3D, a vision-language model that corrects depth without ever predicting a numerical value. Our key insight is that depth error has a direct visual signature in image space: when projected onto the image, a correctly placed box tightly encloses the object, while a too-far box projects too small and a too-close box projects too large. Depth refinement thus reduces to a visual alignment problem rather than a metric regression problem, which we instantiate by extending the VLM's vocabulary with action tokens that replace numerical depth output with categorical decisions, and by supervising the model on a large-scale chain-of-thought dataset that grounds each decision in explicit visual evidence. Applied as a single post-hoc step, RefineAny3D delivers consistent gains across closed-set detectors, open-vocabulary detectors, and 3D auto-labeling tools, and generalizes to novel categories, scenes, and cameras without retraining.

3D检测深度修正视觉语言模型单目感知

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。