arXiv:2608.09285eess.SPcs.AI2026-08

用3D场景几何信息提升无线定位精度,尤其在非视距环境下表现更优。

GLocFM: A Geometry-Aware Foundation Model for 3D Indoor Wireless Localization

论文配图:GLocFM: A Geometry-Aware Foundation Model for 3D Indoor Wireless Localization
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 融合WiFi信号与3D点云几何,通过最大似然估计定位发射源位置。
  • 合成数据训练下,3D定位误差比现有方法降低49.5%和48.8%。
  • 适用于多接收器、不同带宽等复杂场景,对时延偏移也具备鲁棒性。

基于学习的无线定位系统通常未能有效利用传播环境的几何信息,限制了其对非视距(NLoS)传播的建模能力及跨场景泛化性能。为此,我们提出GLocFM——一种几何感知的定位基础模型,联合利用WiFi测量数据与以3D点云表示的场景几何信息。将定位问题建模为最大似然(ML)估计,目标是寻找使无线观测条件概率最大的发射源位置。候选位置的似然由一个学习得分函数计算,该函数将观测到的时延-到达角(AoA)谱与该候选位置预测的谱进行匹配。层级化场景编码器提取与传播相关的特征,生成直达路径(LoS)与单次反射路径的几何先验。针对同步不完美情况,进一步引入抗时飞行(ToF)偏移的改进模型。GLocFM在包含221个多样化场景的多模态合成室内定位数据集上训练,该数据集的无线信号通过Sionna RT生成。在合成数据及基于真实测量的NeRF$^{2}$数据集上,相对于一项最先进的定位基线,GLocFM分别将平均3D定位误差降低了49.5%和48.8%。在不同接收器数量、带宽与阵列尺寸下的消融实验进一步验证了该框架的有效性与鲁棒性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Learning-based wireless localizers often fail to utilize geometric information about the propagation environment, limiting their ability to exploit non-line-of-sight (NLoS) propagation and generalize across scenes. To bridge this gap, we propose GLocFM, a Geometry-aware Localization Foundation Model, which jointly exploits WiFi measurements and scene geometry represented as a 3D point cloud. We formulate localization as a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation problem, where the goal is to find a transmitter position that maximizes the likelihood of the wireless observations conditioned on the scene geometry. The likelihood of a candidate transmitter position is calculated by a learned scoring function that matches the observed delay--angle-of-arrival (AoA) spectrum against the spectrum predicted for that candidate. A hierarchical scene encoder extracts propagation-relevant features to produce geometric priors for LoS and one-bounce reflection paths. For scenarios with imperfect synchronization, we further introduce a time-of-flight (ToF)-robust GLocFM model to handle unknown ToF offsets. GLocFM is trained on a multi-modal synthetic indoor localization dataset comprising 221 diverse scenes whose associated wireless signals are generated using Sionna RT. On both synthetic and the NeRF$^{2}$ dataset based on real measurements, GLocFM reduces mean 3D localization error relative to one of the state-of-the-art localization baselines by 49.5\% and 48.8\%, respectively. Ablations across different number of receiver, bandwidths, and array sizes further demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed framework.

无线定位3D几何基础模型深度学习

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