arXiv:2608.09403cs.CV2026-08

一个模型搞定所有放大倍数,让病理图像分析更高效。

One Model to Magnify Them All: Efficient Scale-Invariant Histopathology via Conditional Normalization and Continuous Magnification Training

论文配图:One Model to Magnify Them All: Efficient Scale-Invariant Histopathology via Conditional Normalization and Continuous Magnification Training
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用小网络根据像素尺寸动态生成归一化参数,实现尺度无关
  • 在前列腺癌数据集上平均表现优于单倍率模型,跨倍率泛化强
  • 只需一个模型替代五套模型,训练推理成本降4-5倍

数字病理学中的全切片图像(WSI)在离散放大倍数下获取,包含从组织结构到细胞形态的互补信息。但深度学习模型对尺度变化敏感。现有方法依赖预设离散分辨率的多尺度架构,而临床中放大倍数连续变化,常不匹配模型固定训练分辨率,中间倍数也常见,导致鲁棒覆盖需代价高昂的多模型集成。本文提出条件层归一化(CLN),通过小型MLP从输入像素尺寸生成仿射归一化参数,嵌入标准CNN架构,用于WSI分类与分割。在连续像素尺寸采样的图像块上训练,使模型脱离扫描仪依赖的放大倍数,在测试时可泛化至任意未见尺度。在PANDA前列腺癌数据集上,该方法平均表现匹配或超过独立训练的单倍率模型,且在每个评估倍数下均位列前三,包括训练中未出现的倍数。将五模型集成压缩为单一网络,训练与推理成本降低约4-5倍,而乘加运算量不变。代码已开源:https://github.com/aflorkowska/OneModelToMagnifyThemAll。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Whole slide images (WSIs) in digital histopathology are acquired at discrete magnification levels encoding complementary diagnostic information from global tissue architecture to fine-grained cellular morphology. Yet, deep learning models remain sensitive to scale variation. Existing magnification-invariant methods rely on multi-scale architectures at predefined discrete resolutions, while in clinical deployment the acquisition magnification varies continuously, rarely aligns with a model's fixed training resolution, and intermediate scales are common, so robust coverage otherwise demands a costly ensemble of magnification-specific models. We propose Conditional Layer Normalization (CLN), a lightweight mechanism that generates affine normalization parameters from input pixel size via a small MLP, integrated into standard CNN architectures for both WSI classification and segmentation. Trained on patches sampled continuously across a range of pixel sizes, the model decouples inference from scanner-dependent magnification and generalizes to arbitrary, previously unseen scales at test time. On the PANDA prostate cancer dataset, our approach on average matches or exceeds independently trained single-magnification models and ranks among the top three performers at every evaluated magnification, including those unseen during training. This collapses a five-model ensemble into a single network and reduces training, and inference cost roughly 4-5 times, while leaving the multiply-accumulate count unchanged. The code is available at: https://github.com/aflorkowska/OneModelToMagnifyThemAll.

病理图像尺度不变轻量化归一化

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