arXiv:2608.09460cs.LGcs.CV2026-08

用流模型生成符合性别年龄体型的虚拟心脏群体,更真实且可共享。

Flow-based conditional cardiac anatomy generation for virtual cohorts

论文配图:Flow-based conditional cardiac anatomy generation for virtual cohorts
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分两步建模:先学解剖形状,再用流模型关联性别年龄体重指标
  • 在2208例健康人数据上训练,生成的心脏结构更贴近临床真实分布
  • 适合做虚拟患者群和数字孪生临床试验,结果可复现可分享

心脏数字孪生研究正从个体化解剖模型转向代表临床相关人群子组的虚拟群体。然而,受限于样本量、亚组稀疏性和数据共享限制,获取代表性影像衍生解剖数据集仍具挑战。条件生成模型或可弥补此缺口,但虚拟群体必须保留与元数据相关的现实解剖变异性。现有心脏解剖生成器多依赖条件变分自编码器(cVAEs),其通过共享正则化潜在先验将表征学习与元数据条件耦合。本文提出基于归一化流的双阶段条件解剖生成框架CAN-FLOW,首先学习微分同胚心脏形态动量的纯几何潜在表示,再以条件归一化流建模其与性别、年龄、体质量指数相关的分布。在2,208名英国生物银行健康受试者数据上训练,并与cVAEs在不同正则化强度下对比。CAN-FLOW生成的随机双心室解剖更逼真,能更好再现临床表型分布、元数据依赖趋势、亚组变异性、点云覆盖率及高维形状变异。结果表明,CAN-FLOW是构建虚拟群体与模拟临床试验工作流中生成真实、随机变化、元数据条件化双心室解剖的可共享框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Cardiac digital twin research is moving from subject-specific anatomical replicas toward virtual cohorts that represent clinically relevant population subgroups. Yet access to representative imaging-derived anatomy datasets remains limited by cohort size, subgroup sparsity, and data-sharing constraints. Conditional generative models could help address this gap, but virtual cohorts are useful only if they preserve realistic, metadata-dependent anatomical variability. Existing cardiac anatomy generators largely rely on conditional variational autoencoders (cVAEs), which couple representation learning and metadata conditioning through a shared regularized latent prior. We introduce CAN-FLOW, a two-step Conditional ANatomy generation framework based on normalizing FLOWs that first learns geometry-only latent representations of diffeomorphic cardiac shape momenta and then models their sex-, age-, and body-mass-index-dependent distribution with a conditional normalizing flow. We trained CAN-FLOW on 2,208 healthy UK Biobank subjects and compared it with cVAEs across regularization strengths. CAN-FLOW generated plausible stochastic biventricular anatomies that better reproduced clinical phenotype distributions, metadata-dependent trends, subgroup variability, point-cloud coverage, and high-dimensional shape variability. Together, these results establish CAN-FLOW as a shareable framework for generating realistic, stochastically varying, metadata-conditioned biventricular anatomies for virtual cohort construction and in silico clinical trial workflows.

心脏生成条件生成虚拟人群归一化流

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