无需验证器,通过候选方案共识选出最优3D建模代码。
Test-Time Scaling for CAD Generation via Verifier-Free Consensus Selection
- 从多个生成方案中选最一致的,靠几何与拓扑一致性判断。
- 几何共识使误差降低1%-10%,优于随机选择和原有验证方法。
- 无需额外训练或验证模型,适配现有文本转3D建模系统。
大型语言模型可从自然语言描述生成参数化3D CAD程序,但单个样本常出错。增加测试时计算量,通过采样多个候选方案提升质量,前提是能选出优质方案,而生成时无真实模型作为参考。现有方法通常依赖独立验证器(如视觉-语言判别器)筛选候选。本文探讨候选池自身是否足以提供有效选择信号,提出无需验证器的3D CAD共识选择:采样N个参数化CAD程序,编译为3D模型后,返回与多数方案最一致的候选。该方法无需训练,兼容现有CAD代理。研究了几何与拓扑两种一致性度量,各自提升对应评估指标。在当前顶尖CAD生成方法的精确候选池上,几何共识在所有几何指标上优于原验证器,拓扑共识在拓扑指标上相当。在所有测试的LLM和提示变体中,几何共识均显著提升几何准确率,相较随机选择,切比雪夫距离降低1%-10%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models can write parametric CAD programs from a natural-language description (text-to-CAD generation), but a single sample is often wrong. Increasing test-time compute by sampling multiple candidates only helps if a good candidate can be identified, yet no ground-truth model is available at generation time. Existing systems often require a separate verifier, such as a vision-language judge, to select among candidates. We investigate whether the candidate pool itself provides enough signal for effective selection and a verifier-free alternative. We introduce 3D CAD consensus selection, hereafter consensus selection: sample $N$ parametric CAD programs, compile them to 3D models, and return the candidate that agrees most with the rest of the pool. The method is training-free and compatible with existing CAD agents. We investigate geometric and topological notions of agreement, each of which improves its corresponding evaluation metric. On the exact candidate pools of a state-of-the-art CAD generation method, geometric consensus improves all three geometric metrics over the method's verifier, while topological consensus matches it on topology. Across every tested LLM and prompt variant, geometric consensus also improves geometric accuracy over random selection from the same pool, reducing Chamfer distance by $1-10\%$.
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